侧向风速对飞机尾流运动的影响

为了使机场雷达能实时探测和定位飞机尾流,对飞机飞行环境进行合理假设后提出了一个仿真尾流的保守被动模型,该模型能很好地描述尾流中水蒸气等物质的运动演化规律。综合考虑大气环境中风速对尾流的影响,利用该仿真模型对尾流进行了实时仿真,得到了不同侧向风速情况下,不同时刻尾流的状态分布等重要特性。通过分析侧向风速对飞机尾流运动过程的影响,证明了当侧向风速为1.0~3.0 m/s时是最危险的,所得结论可为飞机飞行过程中避免尾流的影响提供理论依据。     

基于序列图像的无人机自测速方法与试验

为自主、精确测量无人机的飞行速度,研究并发展了一种基于序列图像的无人机自测速方法并进行了相应的试验。该方法利用无人机上已有的惯导装置、高度计和摄像机,在连续成像的条件下,通过匹配跟踪得到地面同名点在相邻两帧光学或红外实时图中的位置,利用飞行高度、姿态信息和成像帧频计算得到无人机的瞬时飞行速度。在无人机的匀速平飞段,通过大量数据拟合得到高精度的平均飞行速度。通过挂飞试验对方法进行了验证,实时得到了小于0.2 m/s的测速结果,满足工程要求的精度,为工程应用打下了一定的基础。     

基于图像处理思想的自适应网格技术

为了提高激波和旋涡等复杂流动现象的捕捉精度和计算效率,基于图像处理的思想,研究了非结构网格的自适应加密和稀疏算法.将流场计算网格与图像像素类比,借鉴图像处理的方法,提出了一种流场自适应区域的分割算法.该方法能自动对自适应区进行分层,中间区域网格可以达到原来多次自适应的效果,而且提高了生成网格的质量.将算法嵌入到流场求解器中,根据流场求解结果对网格进行自适应,并使用算例进行了验证.     

一种基于小波分解的快速图像匹配算法

为了提高图像匹配的速度和精度,提出了一种基于小波分解图像匹配算法,该算法首先用Mallat算法对匹配图像进行小波多尺度分解,然后提取各级的边缘特征,最后在对图像进行多级分解的基础上进行匹配.该算法不仅减少了计算量,而且提高了图像匹配的精度.实验表明,提出的匹配算法在速度和精度上都是有效的.     

基于Euler方程的直升机旋翼翼型反设计方法

直升机旋翼流场的求解和贴体网格的生成是进行旋翼翼型反设计的关键,本文采用Euler方程求解直升机旋翼翼型流场,并通过求解泊松方程生成围绕翼型的网格.在此基础上,结合线化二维亚音速和超音速流的小扰动理论,采用MGM方程作为反设计方程,基于有限差分方法建立一套直升机旋翼翼型反设计的迭代方法.在给定的目标压力分布条件下,与CFD方法相结合,反设计得出满足要求的翼型,并与目标翼型吻合良好,表明本文建立的翼型反设计方法能够有效地用于直升机旋翼翼型设计.     

Al_2O_3p/Al复合材料振动攻丝螺纹质量研究

针对Al2O3p/Al金属基复合材料普通攻丝出现的粘刀现象和螺纹质量不好的问题,分析了问题原因及低频扭转振动攻丝工艺特点,进行了干切状态下振动攻丝和连续攻丝螺纹质量对比实验.     

磁控等离子体对收敛喷管性能的影响

采用诱导磁场方程,Mixture混合两相流和磁场修正的湍流两方程模型,研究施加不同强度磁场时,收敛喷管内等离子体的流动和传热特性以及等离子体对尾喷流的包裹情况.结果表明,随着气流在收敛喷管内加速,等离子体被掺混的程度增加.增强磁场可提高近壁面处等离子体体积分数,抑制其湍流度,降低高温气体向喷管壁面的传热.当B_y=1.3T时,磁控等离子体可降低54.4%的壁面温升,增加0.74%的喷管推力系数,在出口4倍当量直径处对尾气仍有一定的包裹.      

基于通用微机的雷达终端系统设计

雷达终端是雷达系统的核心组成部分,有必要采用当前先进的软硬件技术来设计.考虑到雷达终端发展现状,着重分析了雷达的功能要求和系统中的信息流,构建了基于通用微机的模块化、软件化的雷达终端系统,并详细讨论了系统的结构及硬件和软件的设计.系统由通用微机和雷达信号处理板sD754lA来实现,在运行过程中稳定可靠,满足雷达信号数据实时处理和显示的需求.     

基于飞行仿真平台的相关坐标变换模型

飞行力学中相关的飞行器运动方程都是在地面坐标系中建立的,地面坐标系的前提假设"平面大地"与地球表面具有曲率不符,经纬度能真实反映飞行器的飞行情况,但不能直接运用于飞行器运动方程.针对以上情况,提出了能够运用于地面坐标与经纬度相互转换的模型.在飞行仿真平台上,由飞行器运动方程建立相关的飞行机动动作模型,再由提出的坐标变换模型将运动方程中的相关参数转换为经纬度.实验结果表明,坐标变换模型是合理的,具有实用性,能运用于相关的飞行仿真平台中.     

The Geology of Mercury: The View Prior to the MESSENGER Mission

Mariner 10 and Earth-based observations have revealed Mercury, the innermost of the terrestrial planetary bodies, to be an exciting laboratory for the study of Solar System geological processes. Mercury is characterized by a lunar-like surface, a global magnetic field, and an interior dominated by an iron core having a radius at least three-quarters of the radius of the planet. The 45% of the surface imaged by Mariner 10 reveals some distinctive differences from the Moon, however, with major contractional fault scarps and huge expanses of moderate-albedo Cayley-like smooth plains of uncertain origin. Our current image coverage of Mercury is comparable to that of telescopic photographs of the Earth’s Moon prior to the launch of Sputnik in 1957. We have no photographic images of one-half of the surface, the resolution of the images we do have is generally poor (∼1 km), and as with many lunar telescopic photographs, much of the available surface of Mercury is distorted by foreshortening due to viewing geometry, or poorly suited for geological analysis and impact-crater counting for age determinations because of high-Sun illumination conditions. Currently available topographic information is also very limited. Nonetheless, Mercury is a geological laboratory that represents (1) a planet where the presence of a huge iron core may be due to impact stripping of the crust and upper mantle, or alternatively, where formation of a huge core may have resulted in a residual mantle and crust of potentially unusual composition and structure; (2) a planet with an internal chemical and mechanical structure that provides new insights into planetary thermal history and the relative roles of conduction and convection in planetary heat loss; (3) a one-tectonic-plate planet where constraints on major interior processes can be deduced from the geology of the global tectonic system; (4) a planet where volcanic resurfacing may not have played a significant role in planetary history and internally generated volcanic resurfacing may have ceased at ∼3.8 Ga; (5) a planet where impact craters can be used to disentangle the fundamental roles of gravity and mean impactor velocity in determining impact crater morphology and morphometry; (6) an environment where global impact crater counts can test fundamental concepts of the distribution of impactor populations in space and time; (7) an extreme environment in which highly radar-reflective polar deposits, much more extensive than those on the Moon, can be better understood; (8) an extreme environment in which the basic processes of space weathering can be further deduced; and (9) a potential end-member in terrestrial planetary body geological evolution in which the relationships of internal and surface evolution can be clearly assessed from both a tectonic and volcanic point of view. In the half-century since the launch of Sputnik, more than 30 spacecraft have been sent to the Moon, yet only now is a second spacecraft en route to Mercury. The MESSENGER mission will address key questions about the geologic evolution of Mercury; the depth and breadth of the MESSENGER data will permit the confident reconstruction of the geological history and thermal evolution of Mercury using new imaging, topography, chemistry, mineralogy, gravity, magnetic, and environmental data.