CBERS-02星红外数据系统正反扫描行配准方法研究

CBERS-02星搭载的有效载荷有一台是红外多光谱扫描仪（IRMSS），它是摆扫式的相机，与推扫式的CCD相机成像方式不同。摆扫式IRMSS相机的几何校正处理对比推扫式相机更为复杂，特别是正反扫描行之间，容易出现不配准、有缝隙或叠加等问题。文章根据IRMSS成像的机理，对CBERS-02星IRMSS图像存在的扫描行不配准问题进行了改进，达到了良好的效果。     

On the Measurements of D/H in QSO Absorption Systems Closing in on the primordial abundance of deuterium

We present our measurements of the deuterium to hydrogen ratio (D/H) in QSO absorption systems, which give D/H = 3.40 ± 0.25 × 10-5 based on analysis of four independent systems. We discuss the properties of two systems which provide the strongest constraints on D/H. We outline the systematic effects involved in measurements of D/H and introduce a sophisticated method of analysis which properly accounts for these effects.     

用大面积源检定核应急机载/车载伽玛能谱仪

人工核素大面积源标准是核工业航测遥感中心等单位经过十余年研究建立的新型计量保障标准,使用该标准,可对监测核应急伽玛辐射环境的机载/车载伽玛能谱仪进行检定.使用大面积源标准检定,可以有效地弥补因机载/车载伽玛能谱仪系统的角响应影响因素复杂而难于模拟计算的缺陷,为监测核应急伽玛辐射环境的机载/车载伽玛能谱仪提供了量值传递的保障.本文介绍了大面积源检定的原理和技术方法.     

Probing the first stars and black holes in the early Universe with the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE)

A concept for a new space-based cosmology mission called the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) is presented in this paper. DARE’s science objectives include: (1) When did the first stars form? (2) When did the first accreting black holes form? (3) When did Reionization begin? (4) What surprises does the end of the Dark Ages hold (e.g., Dark Matter decay)? DARE will use the highly-redshifted hyperfine 21-cm transition from neutral hydrogen to track the formation of the first luminous objects by their impact on the intergalactic medium during the end of the Dark Ages and during Cosmic Dawn (redshifts z = 11–35). It will measure the sky-averaged spin temperature of neutral hydrogen at the unexplored epoch 80–420 million years after the Big Bang, providing the first evidence of the earliest stars and galaxies to illuminate the cosmos and testing our models of galaxy formation. DARE’s approach is to measure the expected spectral features in the sky-averaged, redshifted 21-cm signal over a radio bandpass of 40–120 MHz. DARE orbits the Moon for a mission lifetime of 3 years and takes data above the lunar farside, the only location in the inner solar system proven to be free of human-generated radio frequency interference and any significant ionosphere. The science instrument is composed of a low frequency radiometer, including electrically-short, tapered, bi-conical dipole antennas, a receiver, and a digital spectrometer. The smooth frequency response of the antennas and the differential spectral calibration approach using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique will be applied to detect the weak cosmic 21-cm signal in the presence of the intense solar system and Galactic foreground emissions.     

On kinematics of gas clouds in the broad-line region of active galactic nuclei and quasars

The kinematics of gas clouds in broad-line region of active galactic nuclei and quasars is considered. The motion of the clouds is governed by three forces — gravitational influence from the central supermassive body, radiational pressure from the continuum radiation, and resistance of the intercloud medium. Clouds moves radial but only outward motion gives a velocity field, which is in accordance with the observational data. The profiles of the permited lines are obtained in some simplify assumptions for the emissive capacity of the gas in clouds, and are in good agreement with the observational data. In the framework of the model under consideration there is a possibility to estimate some physical parameters of the nuclei such as mass of the central body and density of the intercloud medium.     

两凸平面相贯立体的隐藏线消去法

本文介绍了一种消去两相贯凸平面立体的隐藏线算法。首先利用外法线法单体消隐,然后用线与面比较法作组合消隐计算,逐一确定各个单体上可见棱线在组合体上的可见线段,最后显示或绘制所有的可见棱线段和两体的可见交线,得到消隐后的立体图。本法信息输入量较小,功能较强,不但适用于两相贯的凸平面立体的消隐,而且也适用于两迭加的凸平面立体的消隐。本程序还适用于两体具有共面的情况。     

Electron density inversed by plasma lines induced by suprathermal electron in the ionospheric modification experiment

Incoherent scatter radar (ISR) is the most powerful ground-based measurement facility to study the ionosphere. The plasma lines are not routinely detected by the incoherent scatter radar due to the low intensity, which falls below the measured spectral noise level of the incoherent scatter radar. The plasma lines are occasionally enhanced by suprathermal electrons through the Landau damping process and detectable to the incoherent scatter radar. In this study, by using the European Incoherent Scatter Association (EISCAT) UHF incoherent scatter radar, the experiment observation presents that the enhanced plasma lines were observed. These plasma lines were considered as manifest of the suprathermal electrons generated by the high-frequency heating wave during the ionospheric modification. The electron density profile is also obtained from the enhanced plasma lines. This study can be a promising technique for obtaining the accurate electron density during ionospheric modification experiment.     

Quasars and their emission lines as cosmological probes

Quasars are the most luminous sources in the Universe. They are currently observed out to redshift z≈7$z\approx 7$ when the Universe was less than one tenth of its present age. Since their discovery 50 years ago astronomers have dreamed of using them as standard candles. Unfortunately quasars cover a very large range (8 dex) of luminosity making them far from standard. We briefly review several methods that can potentially exploit quasars properties and allow us to obtain useful constraints on principal cosmological parameters. Using our 4D Eigenvector 1 formalism we have found a way to effectively isolate quasars radiating near the Eddington limit. If the Eddington ratio is known, under several assumptions it is possible to derive distance independent luminosities. We discuss the main statistical and systematic errors involved, and whether these “standard Eddington candles” can be actually used to constrain cosmological models.     

降落伞“呼吸”现象研究

文章详细地描述了降落伞"呼吸"现象,首次使用降落伞充气过程中的简化轴向和径向动量方程来计算降落伞"呼吸"过程。在此基础上,分别比较有限质量充气条件下开伞速度、载荷物质量、大气密度、降落伞伞绳弹性系数对降落伞"呼吸"现象的影响,获得了一般情况下降落伞"呼吸"现象受载荷物质量与大气密度影响较大,当载荷物质量较小和大气密度较大时,降落伞"呼吸"振荡幅度较大且不易衰减等结论。     

Future instrumental capabilities in the energy range of nuclear transitions

Gamma-ray lines are the fingerprints of nuclear transitions, carrying the memory of high energy processes in the universe. Setting out from what is presently known about line emission in gamma-ray astronomy, requirements for future telescopes are outlined. The inventory of observed line features shows that sources with a wide range of angular and spectral extent have to be handled: the scientific objectives for gamma-ray spectroscopy are spanning from compact objects as broad class annihilators, over longlived galactic radioisotopes with hotspots in the degree-range to the extremely extended galactic disk and bulge emission of the narrow e^-e⁺ line.The instrumental categories which can be identified in the energy range of nuclear astrophysics have their origins in the different concepts of light itself: geometrical optics is the base of coded aperture systems — these methods will continue to yield adequate performances in the near future. Beyond this, focusing telescopes and Compton telescopes, based on wave- and quantum- optics respectively, may be capable to further push the limits of resolution and sensitivity.