两步法快速解算编队卫星GPS模糊度

为克服卫星编队飞行实时相对定位中双频模糊度解算速度慢的缺点,结合扩展Kalman滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter),首先采用少数个历元(如10个)相位平滑伪距相对定位结果与 L₆的平均值对滤波初始化,再根据两步法解算双频模糊度,即先解算并正确固定宽巷模糊度,获得较准确的基线分量估值,然后采用选权拟合方法,将基线分量作为约束条件解算并固定双频模糊度.仿真算例计算结果表明,当宽巷模糊度正确固定后,编队卫星间相对定位误差在5cm以内,两步法可以在较短时间(约3min)内固定双频模糊度,为精确解算编队卫星的相对状态提供保障.     

Spacecraft formation flying: A review and new results on state feedback control

This paper presents a review of previous work within the field of spacecraft formation flying, including modeling approaches and controller design. In addition, five new approaches for tracking control of relative translational motion between two spacecraft in a leader–follower formation are derived. One PD controller with feedback linearisation is derived and shown to result in an exponentially stable equilibrium point of the closed loop system. Four nonlinear controllers are derived and proved by using Lyapunov theory and Matrosov's theorem to leave the closed loop system uniformly globally asymptotically stable. Results from the simulation of the system with the derived controllers are presented, and compared with respect to power consumption and tracking performance.     

C/C复合材料SiC/mullite-Si-Al_2O_3复合涂层微观结构及防氧化性能研究

采用原位生成法在C/C复合材料SiC内涂层表面制备了mullite(莫来石)-Si-Al2 O3抗氧化涂层.采用XRD、SEM分析了涂层的物相组成和微观结构,并测试了SiC/mullite-Si-Al2 O3复合涂层的抗氧化性能.结果表明,外涂层主要由mullite、Si和Al2O3三相组成;涂层致密无裂纹;SiC/mullite-Si-Al2 O3复合涂层在1500℃静态空气中等温氧化75 h后,试样失重仅为4.6%,防氧化性能明显优于单一的SiC内涂层.     

日地L2点航天器编队的分布式自主相对导航

为了实现航天器编队在日地L2点轨道的高精度相对导航,设计了一种分布式的自主导航方法。首先通过信息交互形成局部的测量构型,每颗卫星只基于邻居间的测量进行状态估计,降低了状态维数和计算量;然后根据相互估计的结果进行信息融合,提升估计的精度。在此基础上,对仿真结果进行了定量分析,给出了影响最终估计误差的主要因素测距精度、测量点间的基线与导航精度间的经验公式。在数值仿真中,所提方法达到了厘米量级定位精度和毫米每秒的测速精度。仿真结果表明：该方法有效,且对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Novel closed-loop approaches for precise relative navigation of widely separated GPS receivers in LEO

This paper deals with the relative navigation of a formation of two spacecrafts separated by hundreds of kilometers based on processing dual-frequency differential carrier-phase GPS measurements. Specific requirements of the considered application are high relative positioning accuracy and real-time on board implementation. These can be conflicting requirements. Indeed, if on one hand high accuracy can be achieved by exploiting the integer nature of double-difference carrier-phase ambiguities, on the other hand the presence of large ephemeris errors and differential ionospheric delays makes the integer ambiguities determination challenging. Closed-loop schemes, which update the relative position estimates of a dynamic filter with feedback from integer ambiguities fixing algorithms, are customarily employed in these cases. This paper further elaborates such approaches, proposing novel closed loop techniques aimed at overcoming some of the limitations of traditional algorithms. They extend techniques developed for spaceborne long baseline relative positioning by making use of an on-the-fly ambiguity resolution technique especially developed for the applications of interest. Such techniques blend together ionospheric delay compensation techniques, nonlinear models of relative spacecraft dynamics, and partial integer validation techniques. The approaches are validated using flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Performance is compared to that of the traditional closed-loop scheme analyzing the capability of each scheme to maximize the percentage of correctly fixed integer ambiguities as well as the relative positioning accuracy. Results show that the proposed approach substantially improves performance of the traditional approaches. More specifically, centimeter-level root-mean square relative positioning is feasible for spacecraft separations of more than 260 km, and an integer ambiguity fixing performance as high as 98% is achieved in a 1-day long dataset. Results also show that approaches exploiting ionospheric delay models are more robust and precise of approaches relying on ionospheric-delay removal techniques.     

多星近距离绕飞观测任务姿轨耦合控制研究

针对多星近距离绕飞观测任务,建立了相对姿态轨道动力学模型,分别考虑了在椭圆、空间圆绕飞轨道上观测卫星的两种期望三角形编队构型,以观测卫星视线始终指向目标为期望姿态,采用基于四元数和角速度误差反馈的比例 微分控制律以及一种改进的基于人工势场法的制导方法相结合,对相对姿态及轨道进行控制。仿真结果表明：在控制律的作用下,绕飞过程中各观测卫星均能够有效地跟踪期望相对姿态和期望相对轨道;在空间圆绕飞轨道构型中,各观测卫星从初始同一位置出发后,在任意时刻3颗观测卫星构成的编队构型始终为正三角形,且正三角形的边长从零逐渐增大,最终等于期望正三角形构型的边长。     

基于分段常值推力的水滴悬停构型控制策略

针对航天器编队飞行任务对相对运动控制的要求,研究了在分段常值推力控制下航天器受迫绕飞构型的设计与控制问题。首先,基于脉冲控制下的水滴悬停构型,提出了多段常值推力控制实现水滴悬停构型的打靶方程;将打靶方程转化为求解极值问题,采用最小二乘法来求解;分析了一段常值推力可行性。然后,以连续常值小推力控制方程为基础,推导了小邻域定理,分析了近距离相对运动条件下两段常值推力控制的可行性;针对可能出现求解精度差的问题,提出了小推力增量方程来修正精度,并证明在靠近理想解的情况下多次迭代可以趋近于理想解。最后,通过数值仿真实现常值小推力控制下的水滴悬停相对运动。数值仿真结果表明常值小推力控制策略可行,研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。      

卫星编队自主相对导航与通信一体化系统探讨

探讨了一种新的卫星编队自主相对导航与通信系统一体化系统设计方案,提出了基于软件无线电的半双工CDMA测量通信一体化系统,实现自主相对导航和星间通信的一体化功能,通信数据和导航测量数据也统一在一个数据帧中传输,不需要独立的星间网络通信系统和增加额外的通信频段进行通信数据传输。系统采用S波段,详细阐述了系统架构和工作原理,分析了系统性能,并进行了仿真验证。     

显示多体动力学方程自动编制技术

为高效得到复杂柔性多体航天器的动力学方程解析表达式,研究了系统动力学方程自动编制技术。首先,基于Kane方法推导了构型简单的链状多体系统动力学显式方程;然后,根据方程中各项物理意义和分布规律,开发了适用于树状构型多体航天器的解析动力学方程输出程序,并运用Latex软件对输出文本进行二次编译,增强输出复杂数学公式的可读性。所得方法极大地简化了对此类航天器的建模工作。     

锥柱面螺旋线短程线与网格缠绕成型技术

针对复合材料网格结构筋条及蒙皮缠绕成型的需求,运用微分几何方法,对柱圆锥面螺旋线短程线进行了探讨。解决了复合材料网格结构筋条及蒙皮的缠绕成型问题。结果表明圆柱和锥段螺旋线的弧长和曲率计算方法,可用于圆柱段和圆锥段复合材料网格结构成型装置的设计生产和纤维缠绕。对数螺线和阿基米德螺线的弧长和曲率计算方法,可用于锥段复合材料网格结构软模成型装置的设计生产和纤维缠绕,为复合材料网格结构自动化制造创造了条件,同时针对工程需要,对不同的网格结构选择不同的加工成型方式,可大大降低加工难度,实现低成本快速批量生产。