单面射流冲击淬火参数对7050铝合金厚板冷却的影响

研究了喷嘴直径(D)、相邻喷嘴距离(L)和喷射压力(P)对驻点区和紊流区换热的影响.结果表明:在高压(500kPa)下,紊流区心部换热效果比驻点区心部强;当喷嘴直径和喷射压力一定,相邻喷嘴距离对厚板冷却有影响,距离越小,相邻涡对互相干扰越大,紊流区冷却强度加大;当L/D=8～14时,从470℃冷至300℃的平均冷却速率...     

Operant responding following exposure to HZE particles and its relationship to particle energy and linear energy transfer

On exploratory class missions astronauts will be exposed to a variety of heavy particles (HZE particles) which differ in terms of particle energy and particle linear energy transfer. The present experiments were designed to evaluate how these physical characteristics of different particles affect cognitive performance, specifically operant responding. Following exposure to ²⁸Si, ⁴⁸Ti, ¹²C and ¹⁶O particles at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory rats were tested for their ability to respond appropriately to changes in reinforcement schedules using an operant task. The results showed that the effectiveness of different particles in disrupting cognitive performance, defined as the lowest dose that produced a performance decrement, varied as a function of the energy of the specific particle: for comparisons between different energies of the same particle (e.g., ⁵⁶Fe) the effectiveness of the particle was directly proportional to particle linear energy transfer, whereas for comparisons between different particles (e.g., ⁵⁶Fe and ¹⁶O) effectiveness was inversely proportional to particle linear energy transfer. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms that influence the effectiveness of different particles and energies and in terms of their implications for analyzing the possible risks to astronauts of decrements in cognitive performance following exposure to HZE particles on long-duration exploratory class missions.     

上面级发射中高轨道卫星外热流分析

研究发射轨道的外热流是卫星热控制系统设计的基础。针对上面级发射轨道的特点和卫星姿态，推导出上面级滑行段和点火段瞬态及平均外热流计算公式。以北斗三号中轨导航卫星为例，给出了阳光和轨道面夹角随太阳黄经和升交点赤经的变化关系，以及最长阴影时间、滑行段旋转角速度约束条件的分析方法，在此基础上确定了上面级阶段卫星的极端外热流工况并给出了外热流计算结果。     

尾迹对涡轮动叶全表面气膜冷却效率的影响

采用压敏漆（PSP）测量技术研究了尾迹对涡轮动叶气膜冷却效率的影响，测试叶片带有11排圆柱形气膜孔。获得了不同质量流量比和尾迹斯特劳哈尔数（Sr=0，0.12，0.36）条件下全表面气膜冷却效率分布的试验数据，结果表明：随着尾迹Sr数的增加，叶片前缘区域径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达36.5%，吸力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达53.5%，压力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达24.2%；尾迹对前缘和吸力面气膜冷却效率的影响大于压力面；随着质量流量比增加，尾迹的影响减小；在进行涡轮动叶表面气膜冷却结构设计时，不考虑尾迹效应会增加设计风险。     

The electron formations under the radiation belts at L-shells 1.2–1.9

We continue to analyze the distribution of electron fluxes with energy 30–500 keV under the radiation belts at low and middle latitudes (L = 1.2–1.9) using experimental data obtained onboard ACTIVE satellite. Special attention is given to altitudinal distribution of electron fluxes and detailed analysis of these electron formations. We observe three main regions of electron flux registration that seem to exist constantly under the radiation belts. These regions are: magneto-conjugated to SAA region (in the north hemisphere), local zone of low intense electron flux accumulation to the west of SAA, and extensive region in the north hemisphere to the east. The analysis of experimental data obtained from ACTIVE satellite (orbit height 500–2500 km) shows that electron fluxes are registered in the wide altitude range up to 1100 km. It is shown that these formations have complicated initial structure with two regions of flux maximums: at L = 1.3 and L = 1.6–1.8. We compare particle data with low frequency (LF) data (ARIEL-4 satellite) and high frequency (HF) data (CORONAS-I satellite). Also we discuss the possible mechanisms of the appearance of these formations under the radiation belts.     

传递对准姿态匹配的优化算法

 推导了4种传递对准姿态匹配算法,分析了这4种姿态匹配算法的优缺点,证明并验证了其中的“最优姿态匹配法”在姿态匹配算法中的最优性。首先介绍了传统的“姿态角匹配法”及其改进算法,即“姿态矩阵匹配法”,接着引入了量测失准角的概念,经过理论推导,提出了利用量测失准角进行传递对准姿态匹配的“量测失准角匹配法”。上述3种姿态匹配算法都是在子惯导安装角是小量的条件下推导而获得的,只能适用于安装角是小量的条件,具有一定的局限性。基于此,对“量测失准角匹配法”进行了完善,推导出了一种可在多挂点下使用的现代姿态匹配算法——最优姿态匹配法。从理论上证明了4种姿态匹配算法的相互关系。最后,采用“速度＋姿态”匹配方案进行的传递对准仿真结果表明：4种姿态匹配算法具有相同的估计精度;推导的“最优姿态匹配法”在保证精度的同时,可应用于子惯导安装角是任意角度的情况,具有更广的应用范围。     

过热蒸汽射流冷却叶片热耦合数值模拟

在对射流冷却平板模型和射流冷却凹板模型数值模拟的基础上,设计了射流冲击冷却式蒸汽冷却叶片,并对其进行了热耦合数值模拟.通过改变平板和凹板的进口雷诺数,射流孔与靶板间距和凹板曲率,对靶板的冷却传热进行了对比研究,得到传热量与各个参数的变化规律.然后根据上面得到的变化规律设计出射流冲击冷却式蒸汽冷却叶片,应用ANSYS CFX 10.0数值程序,对冲击冷却的流动和传热过程进行了三维热耦合数值模拟,得到叶片表面温度和对流换热系数分布.      

珠海市外资企业税收流失测评与防范——基于转让定价避税的视角

外商投资企业通常通过转让定价进行避税,转让定价问题不能仅从名义税负的高低来思考,一切影响企业成本和收益的因素都可以引起外商投资企业做出理性的转让定价避税方式和方向选择。通过对珠海市外商投资企业纳税能力和税收流失规模的评估,认为应从完善外部环境和转让定价的调整及稽查方面入手提高转让定价避税的成本,解决外资企业税收流失问题。     

Solar flux effects on equatorial ionization anomaly and total electron content over Brazil: Observational results versus IRI representations

The F layer critical frequency (foF2) as measured by Digisondes in the equatorial and low latitude locations in Brazil is analyzed to investigate the seasonal and solar flux controls of the intensity of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the equinoctial month of March. The analysis also included the total electron content (TEC) as measured by a GPS receiver operated at the EIA crest location. The foF2 data set covered a period of large solar flux variation from 1996 to 2003, while the GPS TEC data was for a period in 2002–2003 when the solar flux parameter F10.7 underwent large variations, permitting in both cases an examination of the solar flux effects on these parameters. The seasonal variation pattern in TEC shows a maximum in equinoctial months and a minimum in June solstice, with similar variations for foF2. The solar flux dependence of the TEC is a maximum during equinoxes, especially for post-sunset TEC values at times when the latitudinal distribution is controlled by the equatorial evening plasma fountain processes. Significant variations with local time are found in the degree of solar flux dependence for both the TEC and EIA. The EIA intensity shows large dependence on F10.7 during post-sunset to midnight hours. These results are discussed in comparison with their corresponding IRI representations.     

新型功率传递系统构建方案研究

通过对SYSTEMⅡ功率传递系统构成原理的分析研究,提出了利用1806双通道功率计配合通过式功率座和终端式功率座构成测试系统的新方案,新方案去除了老方案中的必备设备1805射频控制器,对于1805损坏或因其他原因没有1805构成测试系统的实验室来讲,也是一个不错的选择。