低速大尺寸传热风洞的研制

为进行航空发动机内特别是叶轮机械内的边界层、传热和气膜冷却研究，设计、建造了大尺寸低速回流式风洞。描述了风洞结构和设计中考虑的主要问题。风洞性能测试结果表明，试验段中的气流达到很高的均匀度，不用紊流发生器时可达到很低的紊流度，试验板上的边界层参数和换热系数都和公认的关系式符合良好。     

A new parameter to define interplanetary coronal mass ejections

The interplanetary manifestations of coronal mass ejections, ICMEs, have many signatures in the solar wind but none of these signatures in the velocity, density, temperature, magnetic field, plasma composition or energetic particles uniquely and unambiguously identifies the occurrence of an ICME. Different investigators identify different events when confronted with the same data. Herein, we present a single physical parameter that combines information from multiple plasma components and that holds the promise of defining a beginning and an end of the region of influence ICME and an indication of the location of the encounter with the ICME relative to its central meridian. This parameter is the total plasma pressure perpendicular to the magnetic field, consisting of the sum of the magnetic pressure and plasma kinetic or thermal pressure. It provides a vehicle for classifying the nature of the ICME encounter and, in many cases, provides an unambiguous start and stop time of the event. However, it does not provide a start and stop time for any embedded flux rope. This identification depends on examination of the magnetic field.     

Force-free magnetic field in a cylindrical flux rope without a constant alpha

It is generally assumed that magnetic fields inside interplanetary magnetic clouds and flux ropes in the solar photosphere are force-free. In order to model such fields, the solution of rot B = B is commonly used where  = const. But comparisons of this solutions with observations show significant difference. To treat this problem,we examine the solutions with .     

人口信息系统中动态负载均衡算法的研究

现有的人口信息系统在数据流量不断增加的情况下,将会出现负载不均衡的状况,直接影响了系统的整体功能。为此提出了新型的负载均衡算法在人口信息管理系统下的研究及应用,并根据人口信息系统的特性提出了一种新型的负载均衡策略。实验表明,算法能够有效的均衡负载分布。     

射流孔交错偏置排布下的楔形凹表面对流换热数值研究

通过三维数值模拟的方法研究了射流孔交错偏置排布下的楔形凹表面对流换热,在射流孔偏置间距比（L/d）为0~2.5、射流孔距凹腔前缘间距比（H/d）为6~12、射流冲击雷诺数（Re）为10000~28000的研究参数下,研究结果表明射流孔交错偏置排布在凹腔中诱导复杂的涡流,对应于射流冲击驻点区的局部表面传热系数得到增强;相对于直线排布的射流孔,小射流孔交错偏距比能够使得凹腔前缘附近沿弦向的展向平均努塞尔数相对射流孔直线排布方式有所改善,随着射流孔交错偏距比增加,沿弦向的展向平均努塞尔数最大值所对应的弦向位置逐渐向凹腔前缘下游迁移.为了在保持凹腔前缘对流换热能力不受到显著削弱的前提下,改善凹腔前缘附近的射流冲击对流换热能力,射流孔交错偏距比宜选择在1倍射流孔直径左右.      

航天器再入大气层热力分析

以OREX（orbital reentry experiment vehicle）的飞行试验数据和相关的CFD数值模拟结果为基础,采用传热理论及相关公式,分析计算了OREX再入大气层过程中的轨迹,驻点处热流密度非平衡假设和平衡假设下的换热问题.所计算的轨迹、热流密度非平衡假设下计算的驻点温度和热流密度值同试验数据及相关的CFD数值结果取得了很好的一致,相应的计算方法可作为航天器驻点热力分析的通式.然而在平衡假设条件下,尽管计算所得到的驻点热流密度与之前的CFD数值结果差别不大,但这种情况下计算得到的温度与试验数据不符,这应归结于计算的热流密度结果对驻点处温度变化的不敏感.比较非平衡假设和平衡假设下的换热计算结果表明,对于航天器再入过程中的热力探讨不能仅仅满足于热流密度分析,对温度的考察或许更重要.      

涡轮叶栅端壁二次流动与换热的V2F模拟

针对低展弦比涡轮叶栅端壁区亚声速流动及换热,采用基于线性涡黏假设的V2F模型开展了数值模拟.结果表明：涡轮叶栅流动中存在马蹄涡、通道涡、压力侧角涡、吸力侧角涡等多种复杂涡系结构,其中马蹄涡与通道涡是涡轮叶栅二次损失的主要来源.端壁换热与马蹄涡及通道涡强度及位置直接相关,并呈现明显的分区特征.端壁极限流线结果显示,V2F模型模拟的端壁单马蹄涡分离线与实验结果吻合,优于SST （shear stress transport）k-ω模型模拟的端壁双马蹄涡分离线.V2F模型引入了新的湍流尺度,在马蹄涡及通道涡位置、端壁静压损失系数分布、叶栅出口总压损失分布及端壁Standon数分布等方面均与实验结果吻合较好,对叶栅气动损失及端壁换热有良好的预测能力.     

Ground experimental investigations into an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application

Spray cooling has proved its superior heat transfer performance in removing high heat flux for ground applications.However,the dissipation of vapor–liquid mixture from the heat surface and the closed-loop circulation of the coolant are two challenges in reduced or zero gravity space environments.In this paper,an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application was proposed and the negative pressure in the ejected condenser chamber was applied to sucking the two-phase mixture from the spray chamber.Its ground experimental setup was built and experimental investigations on the smooth circle heat surface with a diameter of 5 mm were conducted with distilled water as the coolant spraying from a nozzle of 0.51 mm orifice diameter at the inlet temperatures of 69.2 °C and 78.2 °C under the conditions of heat flux ranging from 69.76 W/cm~2 to 311.45 W/cm~2,volume flow through the spray nozzle varying from 11.22 L/h to 15.76 L/h.Work performance of the spray nozzle and heat transfer performance of the spray cooling system were analyzed;results show that this ejected spray cooling system has a good heat transfer performance and provides valid foundation for space closed-loop application in the near future.     

U形管内含水航空燃油流动及换热特性数值模拟

为探究航空发动机燃油管路内流动及换热特性,建立发动机外部U形燃油管路含水燃油离散相模型（DPM）进行数值模 拟。结果表明：体积含水率（≤10%）越高,U形管全管段的压降梯度越大,换热系数越高;流动分离、迪恩涡、离心力作用和油水两 相相互作用导致流动阻力增大,是弯管段压降梯度明显大于一般直管的主要原因。不同流量条件下：迪恩涡引起的燃油横向输运 和二次流流速分布对弯管段的周向换热不均现象影响较大,弯管内、外侧的换热系数大小关系可以根据弯管段迪恩数判定。环境 温度不变,流量越大,U形管全管段压降越高,沿程换热系数越大,且含水率越高,流量对压降梯度的影响越明显;流量不变,环境 温度越低,U形管全管段压降越高,沿程换热系数越小。     

卫星轨道圆化的有限推力点火控制策略

本文研究卫星轨道圆化的点火控制策略，发动机推力为有限常值，方向可调。考虑了燃料消耗引起的质量损失。假设圆轨道上有一飞行器在运动，称为虚拟轨道器。只要卫星与虚拟轨道器软交会，就完成了轨道圆化。文中给出了使卫星与虚拟轨道器软交会的推力方向控制策略和点火位置与关车位置的求取方法。仿真结果表明，本文方法与水平推力策略和切向推力策略相比，具有更高的控制精度，而且燃料消耗接近最优。