射流微泡曝气器溶氧性能测试与工程应用

射流微泡曝气器是一种基于新型微泡生成机理的曝气设备,具有广泛的工程应用价值。射流微泡曝气器溶氧性能测试分析的结果表明:当新设计的射流微泡曝气器进气量从0.2m3/h增至2.0m3/h时,其氧总转移系数从0.052L/min增加到0.338L/min,理论动力效率从0.659kg/kW·h增加到4.284kg/kW·h。与其他类型曝气器相比,该型射流微泡曝气器的氧总转移系数和理论动力效率均有显著提高。此外,射流微泡曝气器应用于实际工程中,废水出水水质中化学需氧量的平均去除率可达到76.6%。     

新型的速度自适应观测器在直接转矩控制系统中的应用

实现高性能直接转矩控制系统的重要环节是准确地观测异步电机的定子磁链。文中将一种新型的速度自适应磁链闭环观测器，应用于直接转矩控制系统中，取代了传统的积分器，理论证明该系统是超稳定系统。仿真与实验表明，该方案电机磁链观测精度高，电机参数鲁棒性好，同时基于磁链观测器所设计的速度自适应辨识方案准确性好，收敛速度好，使系统在较低转速下仍能保持优良的性能。本系统针对1．1kW异步电机，采用数字信号处理器DSP（TMS320C32）进行了数字化实现，实时控制 软件是采用C语言和汇编语言混合编程实现的。     

泡状隔板对涡轮叶片内冷通道换热和流阻的影响

为增强涡轮叶片内部通道的换热、减小流动阻力,提出了一种新型的泡状隔板结构。通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了等热流边界条件下泡状隔板结构的半径以及形状对通道换热和流阻特性的影响,并与直隔板进行对比,实验结果表明:在研究范围内,对称型泡状隔板结构能够大大减小通道流动阻力,随着泡状结构半径的增大,减阻效果增强;不对称型泡状隔板结构只在半径最大时能减小流动阻力;泡状结构对于换热的影响并不明显。实验结论可以为涡轮叶片内部冷却通道的优化设计提供理论依据。     

双层涡轮叶片异形冷却单元内换热特性实验研究

基于实际加工成型的双层涡轮导向器叶片内部特征,模化出操场形和椭圆形截面冷却结构。针对其内部应用的冲击/气膜复合冷却形式,实验研究了冲击靶面的换热特性,重点分析了通道截面形状不同时,进口Re数、气膜出流以及冲击孔和气膜孔的相对位置对冲击靶面换热特性的影响。研究中发现通道内部局部Nu数呈中心对称的波浪形分布,并且气膜孔壁面上游的换热效果整体低于下游,只有在靠近气膜孔中心局部区域的换热系数较高。随着进气Re数增加,换热效果逐步增强 。实验数据表明,截面形状不同的冷却通道的换热特性规律不同。对于操场跑道形冷却通道,冲击孔和气膜孔顺排时冷却效果较好;而椭圆形冷却通道中,冲击孔和气膜孔错排时冷却效果较好。     

Strategies and determinants for successful space technology transfer

The following paper reports the results of a research work carried from 2008 on the topic of strategies and determinants of space technology Transfer (TT). In particular, the aim of this study is to present: 1. The policies and strategies the major space agencies adopt for TT, 2. The operational mechanisms and determinants involved in the transfer of space technologies to other industrial sectors. To this extent we have conducted in the last five years: six case studies of large space agencies, four TT case studies concerning the construction of scientific satellites, two case studies focused on space to earth TT programs undertaken by the Japanese aerospace agency, and two TT case studies examining Italian space companies.The comparative and comprehensive analyses of these studies indicate that the space agencies of the more industrialized countries aim primarily at consolidating and developing the industrial systems in their own countries, which include the use of technology transfer programs, and that the transfer of space technologies follows the route “Earth–Space–Earth”. With regard to the determinants of the TT process, the most important of these correlate with the type of technology in transfer, whereas organizational, economic and financial determinants have less significance.     

刀刃法在轨MTF测量性能分析

文章主要研究采用刀刃法测量在轨遥感器的MTF。刀刃法MTF测量准确程度如何,需要有一个定量的客观的评价,文章用仿真的方法对MTF测量精度进行了检验,对于噪声对MTF的影响进行了研究。     

Towards a cooperation between the arts,space science research and the European Space Agency – Preliminary findings of the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS)

The arts offer alternative insights into reality, which are explored by science in general, and broadened by the activities conducted by the European Space Agency [4] and other space agencies. Similar to the way the members of ESA are ambassadors for spaceflight and science, artists and cultural professionals are ambassadors for human expression, experimentation, and exploration. In June 2011, the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS) held a three-day workshop at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. During this workshop, topics and ideas were discussed to develop initiatives between the arts, sciences and ESA. The aim was to foster and expand the human and cultural aspects of space exploration, and at the same time offer a means of communication that aims to reach audiences beyond the scope of traditional space-related channels. The consensus of the team was that establishing and sustaining a transdisciplinary professional community consisting of ESA representatives, scientists and artists would fuel knowledge transfer, and mutual inspiration. Potential ways to provide a sustainable cooperation within and between the various groups were discussed. We present the preliminary findings including a number of measures and mechanisms to initiate and conduct such an initiative. Plausible organisational measures, procedures and consequences, as well as a proposition on how to proceed are also discussed. Overall, the involvement and cooperation between the arts, space science research and ESA will enhance in the citizens of the ESA member states the sense of public ownership of ESA results, and participation in ESA?s research.     

重力对载人航天器密封舱内空气对流换热影响的数值分析

地面重力环境中进行航天器密封舱内空气通风换热试验时,由于自然对流的存在导致换热量和温度分布与空间微重力环境中的情况存在偏差。文章针对航天器密封舱,建立了舱内空气对流换热的数值模型,利用数值模拟软件对有无重力时典型工况下的对流换热进行了数值模拟及模拟结果的对比分析。分析表明重力对壁面换热量的影响较大,而对空气温度及分布的影响较小;且重力的影响随空气与壁面温差的增大而增大,随通风流量的增大而减小,舱间通风也会减小重力的影响。因此在重力环境中进行试验时需要对壁面换热量进行修正。     

基于MTFC的遥感图像复原方法

遥感图像在成像过程中受到大气、光学系统、探测器、平台运动和电路等因素的影响,引起图像退化,图像复原算法可以改善遥感图像像质,提高图像信息的解译能力。文章介绍了调制传递函数补偿（modulation transfer function compensation,MTFC）算法的原理,从遥感成像的链路环节出发,分析了MTFC的原理,提出了一种星上实时遥感图像MTFC复原算法。通过卷积系数和抑噪参数的优化设计,在提高图像清晰度的同时能较好地抑制噪声;对不同卷积和抑噪参数的图像复原效果进行了对比,从主观和客观两个方面对复原图像进行了评价。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高图像像质,增强图像的高频部分,采用不同类型的卫星遥感图像验证了算法的适应性。     

一种直接入轨卫星变轨阶段的供电方案

相比传统的卫星自身变轨方式,直接入轨方式下卫星的主动段时间将延长到4～5h。为解决卫星直接入轨过程中由于主动段时间大大加长,导致卫星电能需求的增加,以及电源系统配置不必要的质量增加的问题,文章提出了一种在发射和变轨阶段通过运载火箭上面级向卫星供电的方案,即在上面级上增加了一套独立的一次性电源系统。该系统与卫星自身电源系统相结合,在发射和变轨期间优先使用,卫星自身电源根据负载用电情况自主介入,能很好地解决卫星直接入轨方式下主动段的电能需求问题。