Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

Experimental investigation on dynamic response of flat blades with underplatform dampers

One test rig with three blades and two Under-Platform Dampers (UPDs) is established to better understand the dynamical behavior of blades with UPDs. A pre-loaded spring is used to simulate the centrifugal load acting on the damper, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the pressing load. UPDs with different forms, sizes and materials are carefully designed as experimental control groups. Noncontact measurement via a laser Doppler velocimeter is employed and contact excitation which is performed by an electromagnetic exciter is adopted to directly obtain the magnitude of the excitation load by a force sensor mounted on the excitation rod. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the contact status of the contact surfaces, e.g. the pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the effective contact area of the UPDs. The experimental variables are selected as the centrifugal force, the amplitude of the excitation force, the damper mass, the effective contact area, and the damper material. The Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the blade under different experimental parameters is obtained by slow frequency sweep under sinusoidal excitation to study the influence of each parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the blade and the mechanism analysis is carried out combined with the experimental results.     

基于OH-PLIF技术的环形燃烧室预混火焰结构实验

针对微型燃气轮机环形燃烧室中的燃烧特性,利用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术,对环形燃烧室内甲烷/空气预混湍流多束火焰燃烧开展实验研究,得到OH自由基物质的量浓度分布,并研究雷诺数和当量比对火焰结构特征参数的影响。结果表明:OH自由基浓度分布呈现环形结构,并有火焰托举和分叉现象,OH-PLIF瞬时和平均图像揭示了火焰具有湍流和层流预混结构共同特征。火焰结构特征参数的定量分析表明,雷诺数升高,拉伸火焰预混锥形结构,促进射流之间相互作用;康达效应使内焰向内壁面弯曲,火焰张角增大;适当调节预混火焰的当量比,有利于火焰结构的稳定。      

台阶反射面实现双频多波束天线收发等化的研究

双频多波束天线系统由于收发频段共用同一反射面,覆盖区内收发波束大小不一致.为了实现覆盖区内收发等波束,文章提出了一种新型的台阶反射面天线.通过对天线台阶高度的选取和台阶宽度的优化,可以使接收频率处每个台阶跳跃点与中心区在反射面等效口径处的相位相差180.,从而降低天线的口径效率,减小接收频率处反射面的电尺寸,最终实现了收发波束大小一致.为了进一步降低天线的副瓣电平,文章在接收频率处引入了馈源第一副瓣来照射反射面的台阶圆环,通过这一改进天线仍能实现收发等波束且获得了更低的副瓣电平.     

齿轮传动线外啮出冲击建模与计算

基于齿轮传动线外啮出冲击原理,提出在啮合线方向上构建含系统等效误差和齿对综合变形的啮出冲击计算模型.根据齿轮变形随载荷变化的曲线推导出线外啮出冲击点的综合变形.将系统等效误差与齿对综合变形沿啮合线方向进行合成,求出线外啮出点与冲击点的位置.根据啮合点法向速度相等原理,求解线外啮出过程中被动齿轮最小转速和啮出冲击速度,进而求解出线外啮出冲击力.结果表明:线外啮出冲击力为啮入冲击力的70%~80%.即啮出冲击对齿轮传动较啮入冲击的影响要小,验证了啮出冲击和啮入冲击对"啮合合成基节误差"具有不同的作用效果.     

中心锥对波瓣强迫混合排气系统气动热力性能的影响

在波瓣混合器几何结构不变的情况下,通过分别改变波瓣出口截面处中心锥半径以及波瓣长度建立了一系列几何模型,并采用数值模拟的方法,研究了中心锥关键结构参数对涡扇发动机波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能的影响规律.结果表明:当中心锥长度不变时,随着波瓣出口处中心锥半径的增加,热混合效率先增加后减小,其中当波瓣出口处中心锥半径为0.55倍波瓣高度时,波瓣混合排气系统出口处热混合效率最大.此外,当中心锥长度不变时,波瓣混合排气系统总压恢复系数大体上不断减小;排气系统出口处推力系数则呈现出先增大后迅速减小.当波瓣出口处中心锥半径不变时,随着中心锥长度的增加,热混合效率和总压恢复系数变化极小,在排气系统出口处,推力系数则先迅速增大后略有降低.      

南丹铁陨石微量元素的微区分布特征

本文用同步辐射X荧光微区扫描法(SRXRFMS)研究了南丹铁陨石中微量元素的微区分布特征。讨论了南丹铁陨石的分类、起源及演化等基本问题。指出南丹铁陨石似分为IAB群较合理,它可能是由具有球粒陨石组成的母源物质受冲击、经局部熔融而形成。     

30CrMnSiNi2A和GC4（40CrMnSiMoVA）钢裂纹扩展性能比较分析研究

在分析30CrMnSiNi2A和GC4力学性能的基础上,在相同裂纹长度条件下,对两种材料的裂纹扩展寿命和裂纹扩展速率的统计特性进行了统计研究。经比较分析后认为,由于30CrMnSiNi2A钢的裂纹扩展速率较慢,故裂纹扩展寿命较长,但由于其分散性较大,在裂纹长度较大时,99.9%的安全寿命尽管仍比GC4钢大,但两者已很接近。     

组合体大迎角侧向气动特性研究

本文通过实验和理论分析，集中研究小展弦细长翼的翼身组合体的大迎角横向气动特性。研究表明，在大迎角定常非对称涡的范围内，由于翼身组合段对后柱体的边界层分离起遮蔽作用，大大削弱了非对称头涡在后柱体上诱导的侧力。实验证实，平置式翼身组合体的侧力要比单独体的侧力大；带两对弹翼的一般翼身组合体，它的侧力主要由前体以及弹翼组成，如果前体涡在弹翼上诱导的侧力与前体的侧力同向，则该侧力要比平置式布局“-О-”的侧力大得多。     

航空发动机高、低温起动及高原起动试验技术探讨

根据GJB241对航空发动机高、低温起动及高原起动试验的要求,分析了高、低温及高原环境条件对航空发动机起动性能的影响机理;阐述了利用自然环境条件、低温起动室及高空模拟试验台进行航空发动机高、低温起动及高原起动试验的优、缺点;结合国产斯贝MK202发动机分别在英国R.R.公司低温起动室和高空模拟试车台进行的低温起动试验方法和俄罗斯中央航空发动机研究院(CIAM)高空台的发动机高、低温起动及高原起动试验的方法,提出了符合我国国情的航空发动机高、低温起动及高原起动试验的实施途径。