缩短工时创造就业岗位的现实选择

缩短工时能够创造就业机会，提供有效的就业岗位。本文分析比较了国内外就业理论和创造就业实际操作过程的政策选择，认为：应该抓紧对实行35小时／周工作制的研究，并尽快出台相关法案。     

正确评价改革开放三十年需要注意的几个问题

要正确评价改革开放三十年，需要注意几个重大问题：高度评价改革开放30年不等于贬低甚至否定前29年；建立社会主义市场经济体制不等于否定计划经济体制的意义；提出中国特色社会主义理论体系，不等于否定毛泽东思想的重要意义；提出科学发展观不等于否定“以经济建设为中心”。     

Numerical investigation of flow mechanisms of tandem impeller inside a centrifugal compressor

This study numerically investigated a single stage centrifugal compressor ‘‘Radiver’’ with a wedge diffuser and several tandem-designed impellers to explore the flow phenomena within the tandem impeller and the potential to enhance compressor performance. The results demonstrate that tandem design and clocking fraction (λ_s) significantly affects the compressor performance. The compressor stage with tandem impellers of Series A of boundary layer growth interruption alone are observed to have a widely operating range but efficiency and total pressure ratio penalty compared with that of conventional impeller. The tandem impeller with at least the same impeller efficiency as the conventional design is considered as a critical design criteria so that further modification process based on the flow characteristic of tandem impeller is necessary. In order to restrain the inducer wake and exducer shock losses, parameters modification of blade angle and thickness distributions are necessary and the modified tandem impeller of Series B is obtained. The modified tandem impeller with 25% clocking arrangement shows an 8.45% stall margin increase and maintains the total pressure ratio and efficiency as the conventional design, which proves the potential of tandem impeller to improve compressor stage performance. It is noteworthy that the tandem impellers of Radiver have not shown obviously balanced exit flow field and the fundamental mechanism of stall margin extending of tandem impeller lies on the improved impeller/diffuser matching performance resulting from the incidence angle variation at diffuser inlet.     

飞机大攻角非定常气动力建模与辨识

采用一阶微分方程描述由非线性非定常效应引起的气动力增量 ,从而建立了一种新的飞机大攻角非定常气动力数学模型。研究了模型在缓变运动下的线化形式和动导数表达式。讨论了模型参数的辨识问题。算例证实了所建立的气动力数学模型的正确性和所述模型参数辨识方法的有效性     

高原航线飞机颠簸出现规律的对比分析——以青藏高原与云贵高原为例

不同的高原产生大气湍流的条件不尽相同,因此航线上飞机颠簸的出现规律也不一样。分析青藏高原和云贵高原的地形差异和气候区别,并根据四川航空公司的机载QAR数据,对青藏高原和云贵高原的飞机颠簸出现次数、出现概率和颠簸强度进行统计,对比分析了青藏高原和云贵高原航线上飞机颠簸的出现和分布规律,为高原航线飞机颠簸的预报和航行签派工作提供重要参考。     

Magnetospheric disturbances associated with the 13 December 2006 solar flare and their ionospheric effects over North-East Asia

We present an observational study of magnetospheric and ionospheric disturbances during the December 2006 intense magnetic storm associated with the 4В/Х3.4 class solar flare. To perform the study we utilize the ground data from North–East Asian ionospheric and magnetic observatories (60–72°N, 88–152°E) and in situ measurements from LANL, GOES, Geotail and ACE satellites. The comparative analysis of ionospheric, magnetospheric and heliospheric disturbances shows that the interaction of the magnetosphere with heavily compressed solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field caused the initial phase of the magnetic storm. It was accompanied by the intense sporadic E and F2 layers and the total black-out in the nocturnal subauroral ionosphere. During the storm main phase, LANL-97A, LANL 1994_084, LANL 1989-046 and GOES_11 satellites registered a compression of the dayside magnetosphere up to their orbits. In the morning–noon sector the compression was accompanied by an absence of reflections from ionosphere over subauroral ionospheric station Zhigansk (66.8°N, 123.3°E), and a drastic decrease in the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) up to 54% of the quite one over subauroral Yakutsk station (62°N, 129.7°E). At the end of the main phase, these stations registered a sharp foF2 increase in the afternoon sector. At Yakutsk the peak foF2 was 1.9 time higher than the undisturbed one. The mentioned ionospheric disturbances occurred simultaneously with changes in the temperature, density and temperature anisotropy of particles at geosynchronous orbit, registered by the LANL-97A satellite nearby the meridian of ionospheric and magnetic measurements. The whole complex of disturbances may be caused by radial displacement of the main magnetospheric domains (magnetopause, cusp/cleft, plasma sheet) with respect to the observation points, caused by changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, the field of magnetospheric convection, and rotation of the Earth.     

Plant experiments with light-emitting diode module in Svet space greenhouse

Light is necessary for photosynthesis and shoot orientation in the space plant growth facilities. Light modules (LM) must provide sufficient photosynthetic photon flux for optimal efficiency of photosynthetic processes and also meet the constraints for power, volume and mass. A new LM for Svet space greenhouse using Cree® XLamp® 7090 XR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was developed. Monochromic LEDs emitting in the red, green, and blue regions of the spectrum were used. The LED-LM contains 36 LED spots – 30 LED spots with one red, green and blue LED and 6 LED spots with three red LEDs. Digital Multiplex Control Unit controls the LED spots and can set 231 levels of light intensity thus achieving Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) in the range 0–400 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and different percentages of the red, green and blue light, depending on the experimental objectives. Two one-month experiments with plants – lettuce and radicchio were carried out at 400 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD (high light – HL) and 220 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD (low light – LL) and 70% red, 20% green and 10% blue light composition. To evaluate the efficiency of photosynthesis, in vivo modulated chlorophyll fluorescence was measured by Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometer on leaf discs and the following parameters: effective quantum yield of Photosystem II (Φ_PSII) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were calculated. Both lettuce and radicchio plants grown at LL express higher photochemical activity of Photosystem II (PSII) than HL grown plants, evaluated by Φ_PSII. Accelerated rise in NPQ in both LL grown plants was observed, while steady state NPQ values were higher in LL grown lettuce plants and did not differ in LL and HL grown radicchio plants. The extent of photoinhibition process in both plants was evaluated by changes in malonedialdehyde (MDA) concentration, peroxidase (POX) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content. Accumulation of high levels of MDA and increased POX activity correlating with decreased H₂O₂ content were observed in both HL grown plants. These biochemical indicators revealed higher sensitivity to photodamage in HL grown lettuce and radicchio plants. LL conditions resulted in more effective functioning of PSII than HL when lettuce and radicchio plants were grown at 70% red, 20% green and 10% blue light composition.     

激光照射离体血液的衰变规律

采用FLS900型稳态荧光光谱仪对激光持续照射的离体血液进行了荧光检测,得到了血液成分变化及荧光光谱特征随时间衰变的规律。实验结果表明：随着血液离体时间的延长,当受407nm的光激励时,605nm处的荧光峰峰位保持不变仅强度缓慢减弱。但在离体后的14h出现了谱形突变,并在474nm处产生了一个强荧光峰。分析认为,激光对离体血液的衰变有明显的延缓作用,但当激光持续照射一定时间后却导致了细胞的形态改变进而加速了细胞的溶血进程,产生了大量的内源性荧光物质还原烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷酸。研究结果为研究血细胞的活性衰变及细胞功能结构异常等提供了参考。     

LD30铝合金与304不锈钢低温钎焊润湿性研究

采用LD30铝合金与304不锈钢低温钎焊工艺进行润湿性研究。通过润湿性研究对比,选用了60Sn-40Pb、Sn-3.5Ag和35Sn-40Pb-25Bi3种 适用于LD30铝合金和304不锈钢的低熔点钎料,并针对每种钎料选取与之相匹配的钎剂。分析了接头的微观组织、化合物相成分和X射线探伤。结果表明:60Sn-40Pb 和35Sn-40Pb-25Bi与H₃PO₄组合在304不锈钢上润湿性很好;不锈钢与镀镍层铝合金钎焊试验时,60Sn-40Pb和35Sn-40Pb-25Bi与50% H₃PO₄+50%乙二醇组合润湿性很好;Sn-3.5Ag 钎料润湿性相对较差。