合金元素Al对Cr-20Nb合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

采用机械合金化＋热压烧结工艺制备了掺杂合金元素Al的Cr-20Nb合金,研究Al对Cr-20Nb合金在1100℃和1200℃下高温抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,合金元素Al能促进Cr-20Nb合金氧化时生成AlNbO4复合型氧化物,该复合型氧化物能有效抑制Cr2O3,的挥发反应,从而改善Cr2O3,氧化层的致密性,并提高氧化膜的粘附性,导致合金抗氧化性显著提高。不同Al含量的Cr-20Nb合金氧化增重均近似于抛物线规律。     

A synchrotron-based facility for the in-situ location,chemical and mineralogical characterization of ∼10 μm particles captured in aerogel

NASA’s Stardust mission collected dust from the coma of Comet Wild-2 on January 2nd, 2004, by direct capture into aerogel cells that flew through the dust coma at ∼6 km/s. Stardust collected several hundred comet particles >10 μm in size. These comet samples were delivered to Earth on January 15th, 2006. We developed a facility at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY, USA) for the in-situ characterization of ∼10 μm particles collected in aerogel. These analytical instruments allow us to perform extensive chemical, mineralogical, and size-frequency characterization of particles captured in aerogel. These analyses are conducted without any invasive extraction, minimizing the possibility of contamination or particle loss during preparation. This facility was used to determine the chemical composition, the oxidation state, the mineralogy and to provide an indication of the grain size of the Wild-2 particles before they were removed from the aerogel. This information provides a catalog of particle types, allowing a more reasoned allocation of the particles to subsequent investigators based on a relatively detailed knowledge of the chemical composition and mineralogy of each particle. These measurements allowed a comparison of the chemical and mineralogical properties of the Wild-2 particles with other types of extraterrestrial materials, including interplanetary dust particles and meteorites. The success of in-situ analysis for Wild 2 particles demonstrates that synchrotron-based facilities will be important for the analysis of particles collected in aerogel on future earth-orbiting satellites and spacecraft.     

双因子仿真结果水平分析方法

针对双因子的情况,提出了一种仿真结果水平分析方法,旨在对各因子的不同水平以及各因子水平组合的交互作用进行分析.当仿真结果不正确时,并非所有因子的所有水平以及它们之间所有的交互作用全都仿真错误.该方法可以确定哪些因子的哪几个水平未被正确仿真,或哪几对因子水平组合的交互作用未被正确模拟.在工程应用中,只需按照文中给出的流程图进行判断,即可为仿真软件系统的编制和修改提供依据.      

超声速空腔流激振荡与声学特性研究

基于高速风洞试验研究了超声速时空腔流激振荡与声学特性.试验马赫数为1.5,基于每米的雷诺数为2.26×107,来流边界层厚度为0.024 m,试验空腔长深比分别为15,12和6.结果表明:空腔内形成的剪切层与腔后壁相撞诱发腔内较强烈噪声,噪声从腔后缘向腔前缘传播时受到腔内流动的干扰,故同频率下腔后缘处的声压均高于腔前中部区域的声压.闭式和过渡式空腔长深比较大,剪切层与腔底面相撞在腔内形成的压缩波或激波,干扰了从腔内声波反馈回路、限制了流激振荡的形成,故腔内未出现明显的声压峰值激振频率;开式空腔长深比较小,剪切层直接跨过空腔中部与腔后壁相撞,产生的噪声向腔前缘传播,腔内形成流激振荡,并出现多个声压峰值激振频率.      

Theoretical modelling of X-ray fluorescence signals for different lunar compositions and dependence on solar activity

We present a forward modelling technique for calculating the surface X-ray spectra for a variety of lunar terrains. Our calculations considered variations in solar fluxes from solar quiescent condition to large flare activity (M1 flare), and expected elemental concentrations in the target, as well as yield, instrumental, and viewing geometry parameters for X-ray induced fluorescence from the lunar surface. Additionally, we present estimates of anticipated XRF signals from prominent K_α lines observable by a collimated 14 cm² X-ray detector from a 100 km lunar orbit with ∼20 km spatial resolution. Our results show that Mg, Al and Si characteristic K_α lines can be observed for all solar conditions. The Ca K_α lines line can be differentiated from a fixed background during more energetic solar conditions such as C1 and M1 flares, whereas Ti and Fe lines are identifiable only during C1 and M1 solar flare conditions for Apollo 12 site composition. Both the K_α X-ray intensity ratios of Mg/Si and Al/Si correlate well with concentration ratios of Mg/Si and Al/Si, respectively, for B1 and M1 solar conditions. The K_α X-ray intensity ratios of Fe/Si and Ca/Si correlates with concentration ratios of Fe/Si and Ca/Si, respectively, for M1 solar condition. In principle, the modelling technique outlined here can be used to determine absolute elemental abundances (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe) from X-ray spectra measured during recent and future lunar missions.     

基于人体模型的舱外航天服热系统分析与计算

分析了舱外航天服空间换热的特点,对"空间环境-舱外航天服-人体"热系统进行了传热分析,利用Visual C++ 6.0及OpenGL技术进行了三维人体模型的构造,对人体体表温度的计算结果进行了三维图形显示.结合人体热调节模型建立了"空间环境-舱外航天服-人体"热系统仿真技术,分析了航天员在不同代谢模式、被动热防护状态及液冷、通风系统控制情况下的热状态,确定了各代谢活动水平下航天员达到舒适状态时液冷、通风系统的工作条件,利用暖体假人试验结果对系统仿真进行了验证,结果表明二者吻合很好,本项目具有很好的工程应用价值.      

试论提高我国农村居民消费水平的途径

我国农村居民增收缓慢，其中，存在着城乡差别、消费观念守旧，农村消费环境差等因素，使得农村居民的恩格尔系数偏高，消费结构不合理且升级速度缓慢，消费水平难以提升。事实证明，通过加强国家政策扶持，改善消费环境，更新消费观念，推进城市化进程等途径切实增加农民收入，增强购买力，是推动我国农业的可持续性发展，最终全面实现小康社会的必由之路。     

超低空急流的形成及其对飞机起落飞行的影响

本文用天津气象铁塔资料,分析了一次超低空急流过程均演变与塔层内逆温变化的关系,并讨论了超低空急流对飞机起落飞行的影响及飞行人员应该注意的事项。     

铝合金车轮的现状与发展

摩托车铝合金车是８０年代末发展起来的新产品，目前已形成一个规模齐全的新兴行业。本文介绍了铝合金车轮行业的现实状况，并提出了发展思路。     

焊接构件低温疲劳P-S-N曲线的研究

焊接构件的低温 P-S-N曲线是冬季构件抗疲劳设计的基础.在PLG-300 kN高频疲劳试验机上,测定了在-25℃环境下4种应力水平对应的焊接构件的疲劳寿命,并得出了其中值S-N曲线.采用小样本实验的单侧容限分析方法,利用对数疲劳寿命变异系数的经验取值,得出了焊接构件的低温P-S-N曲线.这种方法既简便又经济,但需要由进一步的实验来完善.