略论我国航天器名字的英译

指出了我国航天器名的英译用汉语拼音的不足;建议我国航天器的英译名以意译为主,音译为辅;提出了航天器名意译的原则和我国全部航天器按意译的英语名建议。     

Coronal radio-sounding detection of a CME during the 1997 Galileo solar conjunction

Frequency fluctuations of the Galileo S-band radio signal were recorded nearly continuously during the spacecraft’s solar conjunction from December 1996 to February 1997. A strong propagating disturbance, most probably associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME), was detected on 7 February when the radio ray path proximate point was on the west solar limb at about 54 solar radii from the Sun. The CME passage through the line of sight is characterized by a significant increase in the fluctuation intensity of the recorded frequency and by an increase in the plasma speed from about 234 km s⁻¹ up to about 755 km s⁻¹. These velocity estimates are obtained from a correlation analysis of frequency fluctuations recorded simultaneously at two widely-separated ground stations. The density turbulence power spectrum is found to steepen behind the CME front. The Galileo radio-sounding data are compared with SOHO/LASCO observations of the CME in the corona and with WIND spacecraft data near the Earth’s orbit.     

Crew autonomy for deep space exploration: Lessons from the Antarctic Search for Meteorites

Future piloted missions to explore asteroids, Mars, and other targets beyond the Moon will experience strict limitations on communication between vehicles in space and control centers on Earth. These limitations will require crews to operate with greater autonomy than any past space mission has demonstrated. The Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) project, which regularly sends small teams of researchers to remote parts of the southern continent, resembles a space mission in many ways but does not rely upon a control center. It provides a useful crew autonomy model for planners of future deep space exploration missions. In contrast to current space missions, ANSMET gives the crew the authority to adjust competing work priorities, task assignments, and daily schedules; allows the crew to be the primary monitor of mission progress; demands greater crew accountability for operational errors; requires the crew to make the most of limited communication bandwidth; adopts systems designed for simple operation and failure recovery; and grants the crew a leading role in the selection and stowage of their equipment.     

应用ZigBee技术的航天器内部三维空间定位方案

针对航天器内部缺少三维空间定位方案的问题,提出一种应用紫蜂(ZigBee)技术的无线传感器网络定位方案,即通过在航天器内部布置ZigBee无线传感器网络,设置若干数量的参考节点和未知节点,利用参考节点的先验位置信息,以及针对未知节点的测距信息,完成对未知节点的三维空间定位。建立基于参考节点平面的三维空间坐标系,根据到达角度(AOA)计算出未知节点的法向坐标(Z坐标),将未知节点投影至参考节点所在平面(XOY平面),利用三边定位法计算出未知节点在XOY平面的坐标。该方案理论上最少只需要6个参考节点,就可以实现对航天器内部未知节点的定位,并且不需要时间同步,适合于无线传感器网络的低复杂度设计需求;利用到达时间差(TDOA)算法进行AOA计算,通过对参考节点进行分层布局,避免使用复杂的天线阵列技术。仿真验证结果表明:本文方案具有较高的定位精度,同时具有较低的硬件和组网要求,以及较低的计算和通信开销,适合于航天器内部的三维空间定位。     

载人航天器空气环境参数控制非定常仿真分析

为支持乘员在轨驻留,载人航天器需通过空气环境控制系统将众多设计参数和空气环境参数控制在指标范围内。文章建立了一种载人航天器空气环境非定常控制仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、航天员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块以及CO2净化模块。利用该模型分析了载人航天器空气环境参数随乘员代谢水平的非定常变化趋势,并评估了控制系统的工作性能。结果表明:乘员代谢水平变化对空气环境参数有显著影响,通过调节控制系统运行参数可将各空气参数控制在有效指标范围内。人区温度与O2分压、CO2分压和人区湿度有密切的影响关系,不可孤立地进行分析。为载人航天器空气环境参数控制系统的设计和流程改进提供了依据。     

Singular formalism and admissible control of spacecraft with rotating flexible solar array

This paper is concerned with the attitude control of a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft which consists of a central rigid body and a flexible sun-tracking solar array driven by a solar array drive assembly. Based on the linearization of the dynamics of the spacecraft and the modal identi- ties about the flexible and rigid coupling matrices, the spacecraft attitude dynamics is reduced to a formally singular system with periodically varying parameters, which is quite different from a space- craft with fixed appendages. In the framework of the singular control theory, the regularity and impulse-freeness of the singular system is analyzed and then admissible attitude controllers are designed by Lyapunov＇s method. To improve the robustness against system uncertainties, an H∞ optimal control is designed by optimizing the H∞ norm of the system transfer function matrix. Comparative numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results.     

磁强计在航天器上的应用与前景

随着科学的进步,磁强计已被广泛地应用于航天器.本文首先根据磁强计测量原理的不同,对其进行分类.分别介绍各类磁强计的物理测量原理,描述其特性、精度、适用范围.同时概括目前在航天器得到较广泛应用的磁强计.在此基础上,进一步具体分析磁强计作为卫星载荷、姿态测量和控制以及自主导航轨道计算的方法、作用和特点.然后,针对这三个方面应用指出其在航天器上应用存在主要问题和关键技术.最后,对磁强计在航天器上的应用进行总结.同时对其未来的发展进行展望,磁强计在航天器上仍有着良好发展前景.     

航天器软件风险集成管理方法

为确保航天器软件产品功能、性能符合任务需求,安全、可靠地完成飞行任务,需要对其进行风险管理。文章首先介绍了软件风险管理理论研究现状;然后结合航天器软件强实时性、高可靠性和安全性、维护困难等问题,提出了基于系统集成思想的软件风险控制方法;最后以某航天器为例介绍了该套方法的应用成果。研究结果可为识别航天器软件风险,提高软件产品质量提供参考。     

Optimal network topology of relative navigation and communication for navigation sharing in fractionated spacecraft cluster

Navigation sharing as a key technology provides orbit and attitude information broadcasting for the whole fractionated spacecraft cluster (FSC). The navigation sharing concept has already been proposed for some years. However, the problem of achieving the optimal navigation sharing by designing the proper network topology is still unsolved, especially in the case that some members of the cluster have absolute navigation devices, some just have relative navigation devices and some only have communication devices. In this paper, a comprehensive model of describing the navigation sharing problem in FSC is proposed. The model of network topology constructing by relative navigation links and communication links is established. By using the graph theory and genetic algorithm as the tool, the conditions for navigation sharing in FSC with different sharing degrees are obtained. Finally, some examples are presented to test the methods, and it has been found that, the absolute positions and attitudes of all the members can still be determined even some members in FSC have no absolute navigation devices.     

航天器总装过程特种车辆运输问题的研究

文章针对航天器总装过程所涉及的特种车辆转运问题进行研究。通过对特种车辆种类和航天器各平台总装涉及特种车辆数量分析,提出集装箱运输方案并对集装箱进行设计、实施,取得了良好效果,同时指出集装箱化运输也是航天器工装运输的趋势。