翼型测力天平的研制

为研究翼型结冰状态下的载荷变化规律,对翼型进行测力实验.研制一台三分量翼型测力天平.天平设计的突出难点为设计载荷极不匹配,阻力测量载荷很小.设计时,针对翼型载荷的特点,采用片梁组合方式测量阻力,四柱梁测量法向力及俯仰力矩,并采用有限元方法对结构进行了验证计算.主要介绍天平的设计、校准及应用情况.     

Large-scale Vacuum Vessel Design and Finite Element Analysis

The vacuum plume effects experimental system (PES) is the first experimental system designed to study the effects of vacuum plume in China. The main equipment, a vacuum chamber of 5.5 m in diameter and 12.8 m in length, and structure design of hinged door are described. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted to analyze the static strength and stability of the PES vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that the static strength and stability are qualified. For the 5.5 m diameter vacuum chamber door, three design schemes are put forward. After comparisons are made, the single-axis-double-pin hinged door is selected. The FEM is applied to checking its static strength as well as distortions. The results show that the door’s distortion and displacement change mainly due to the gravity of the door which leads to its sinking. The calculated displacement is less than 7.8 mm, while the actual measurement is 5 mm. The single-axis-double-pin hinged door mechanism completely satisfies the design requirements. This innovative structure can be introduced as a reference for the design of large-scale hinged doors.     

空间相机支撑结构选型动力学分析

在航天遥感领域,离轴三反射镜消像散光学系统(TMA)以大视场、无遮拦等特点被广泛运用。由于离轴TMA系统的特点以及空间相机在发射过程中经历的恶劣的力学环境,相机支撑结构的力学特性对于相机成像品质的保证具有至关重要的意义。文章用Solidworks建立了支撑结构的实体模型,并在此基础上建立了有限元模型。通过对4种结构构型方案的力学特性的分析比较,为相机光机结构设计打下了基础,对三反离轴相机支撑结构的工程设计具有一定的指导作用。     

Digital simulation model piezoelectric cantilever design and analysis of beam smart elements

针对在薄壳结构上层合压电传感器与作动器的智能结构系统进行振动控制问题,提出了一种专用的数字电路化智能元仿真模型进行振动特性分析的新方法.以压电悬臂梁系统为例,利用有限差分方法将主体结构、压电传感信号及压电控制力矩的动力学偏微分方程转化为智能元差分方程;建立基于Newmark-β积分方法的智能元数学矩阵模型;在DSP数字电路系统上设计智能元仿真系统;对不同差分密度和积分时间步长下系统各个模态的输出特性进行了分析,并与相关文献中采用不同控制方法的模拟电路仿真结果进行了比较,取得了更精确的结果.该方法为压电结构系统的振动特性仿真分析提供了新途径.     

压电悬臂梁智能元数字仿真模型设计及分析

针对在薄壳结构上层合压电传感器与作动器的智能结构系统进行振动控制问题,提出了一种专用的数字电路化智能元仿真模型进行振动特性分析的新方法.以压电悬臂梁系统为例,利用有限差分方法将主体结构、压电传感信号及压电控制力矩的动力学偏微分方程转化为智能元差分方程;建立基于Newmark-β积分方法的智能元数学矩阵模型;在DSP数字电路系统上设计智能元仿真系统;对不同差分密度和积分时间步长下系统各个模态的输出特性进行了分析,并与相关文献中采用不同控制方法的模拟电路仿真结果进行了比较,取得了更精确的结果.该方法为压电结构系统的振动特性仿真分析提供了新途径.     

Full-scale crash test and FEM simulation of a crashworthy helicopter seat

Crashworthy seat structure with considerable energy absorption capacity is a key component for aircraft to improve its crashworthiness and occupant survivability in emergencies.According to Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulations,seat performance must be certified by dynamic crash test which is quite expensive and time-consuming.For this reason,numerical simulation is a more efficient and economical approach to provide the possibility to assess seat performances and predict occupant responses.A numerical simulation of the crashworthy seat structure was presented and the results were also compared with the full-scale crash test data.In the numerical simulation,a full-scale three-dimensional finite element model of the seat/occupant structure was developed using a nonlinear and explicit dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA3D.Emphasis of the numerical simulation was on predicting the dynamic response of seat/occupant system,including the occupant motion which may lead to injuries,the occupant acceleration-time histories,and the energy absorbing behavior of the energy absorbers.The agreement between the simulation and the physical test suggestes that the developed numerical simulation can be a feasible substitute for the dynamic crash test.      

大挠性空间桁架结构的动力学建模与仿真研究

对航天器结构中常用的一字型空间桁架,基于建立的普通式和拉索式空间桁架结构简化模型,用有限元法建立空间桁架结构模型,分别对两种空间桁架结构的模态特性、谐响应和瞬时激励响应等动力学特性进行了仿真研究,分析了拉索式空间桁架结构的弦张力对桁架结构振动特性的影响。研究较好地模拟了大挠性空间桁架结构的动力学特性及其在外太空的真实工况,有一定的参考意义。     

柔性锥-杆式对接机构碰撞过程仿真研究

以中小型航天器普遍采用的锥-杆式对接机构为研究对象,提出一种柔性对接锥作为缓冲系统的方案,用柔性锥变形吸收撞击能量作为缓冲。用有限元法对碰撞过程进行仿真,讨论了柔性对接锥作为缓冲系统的性能对对接过程的影响。仿真结果表明:与普通对接锥相比,柔性锥能减小碰撞力峰值50%多。     

多重网格方法及其在高超声速进气道中的应用

随着计算流体力学的发展,多重网格在求解欧拉方程、N—S方程过程中得到了广泛应用。将这种方法应用于高超声速进气道的数值模拟中,通过具体的算例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

多导线对称分布原子磁分束器和干涉仪设计分析

提出了采用多根对称分布载流导线构成原子分束器的方法,包括三导线和四导线磁导引。阐述了原子分束器的分束机制,用Ansoft Maxwell 2D软件计算给出了部分载流导线移动到不同位置时的磁场分布图。通过分析了导引中心的变化,发现只要通过改变载流导线之间的相对位置就可以来实现从单路到双路导引和三路导引的转换。由此分别设计由3根对称分布载流导线构成的原子双路分束器和4根对称分布载流导线构成三路分束器,然后运用Monte Carlo方法模拟验证其原子分束功能。最后以三线对称分布分束器为基础构成Mach-Zehnder原子磁干涉仪。