数理统计方法在部件故障控制中的应用研究

机载部件的可靠性直接影响航空器的安全运行。本文通过对机载部件使用寿命的统计和失效分析,对部件的故障提出了有效的控制方法,并举例说明了此方法在维护中的使用。     

飞行员疲劳监测中的人眼定位及状态判别研究

飞行员驾驶疲劳是影响飞行安全的重要因素之一。常用基于人眼识别的方法对飞行员进行疲劳监测，其关键是人眼定位及状态判别。利用改进的平均合成滤波器算法定位人眼，根据模糊综合评价思想，判定人眼睁开闭合状态，根据PERCLOS疲劳检测方法对飞行员进行疲劳监测。实验表明，改进的人眼定位方法具有更高的精确度和鲁棒性，提出的人眼状态判定方法能够满足疲劳监测需要。为最终构建一种机载的、实时的、非接触式的飞行员疲劳监测系统提供了理论基础。     

基于幂函数模型的民机结构腐蚀扩展寿命评定方法研究

基于飞机结构腐蚀清除后测量获取的腐蚀深度,提出了飞机结构腐蚀扩展寿命的幂函数动态预测模型以及模型参数定义方法,确定了腐蚀条件下的飞机结构腐蚀扩展寿命评定指标,建立了基于运营状态下飞机结构腐蚀信息更新的民用飞机结构腐蚀扩展寿命评定方法。     

基于晶体塑性理论的疲劳裂纹起始数值模拟

在疲劳荷载作用早期,材料在晶体尺度出现裂纹的萌生,为了研究疲劳短裂纹的发展,利用Monte Carlo法建立了多晶体晶粒集合的Voronoi有限元模型,并在Ansys Usermat子程序接口下编写了晶体塑性本构方程子程序,修正了以拉伸硬化为主的疲劳裂纹起裂的计算机模拟方法,并结合TANAKA和MURA的位错偶极子模型,模拟了晶粒集合在疲劳荷载作用下的裂纹萌生,最后与文献实验数据对比,这一修正的方法更加符合实验结果和宏观现象.     

负游隙对高速高温薄壁圆柱滚子轴承动态性能的影响分析

计算了圆柱滚子轴承径向游隙为负值时的等效径向预紧载荷,并考虑等效径向预紧载荷下的套圈弹性变形,通过求解包含套圈弹性变形接触变形等效径向预紧载荷的非线性方程组,得到负游隙圆柱滚子轴承内部的载荷分布情况,以及负径向游隙带来的套圈周向应力.以此分析了负游隙对轴承承载性能及疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明:负径向游隙能够有效降低轴承打滑率,但同时也会降低轴承疲劳寿命,因此在负游隙设计时需同时考虑打滑率和轴承寿命,选择恰当的负游隙.     

直升机主起落架疲劳试验技术研究

以直升机主起落架疲劳试验为对象，对试验内容、试验方法、试验实施及试验结果进行分析。通过试验验证确定了起落架的疲劳危险区域，并为优化零件结构提供了依据。     

Fatigue crack propagation of new aluminum lithium alloy bonded with titanium alloy strap

A new type of aluminum lithium alloy (Al-Li alloy) Al-Li-S-4 was investigated by test in this paper. Alloy plate of 400 mm · 140 mm · 6 mm with single edge notch was made into samples bonded with Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti alloy) strap by FM 94 film adhesive after the surface was treated. Fatigue crack growth of samples was investigated under cyclic loading with stress ratio (R) of 0.1 and load amplitude constant. The results show that Al-Li alloy plate bonded with Ti alloy strap could retard fatigue crack propagation. Retardation effect is related with width and thickness of strap. Flaws have an observable effect on crack propagation direction.     

基于模型的载人航天器研制方法研究与实践

载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题，传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求，亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求，提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系，定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型，提出了基于模型的研制流程，包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节，并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础，系统地验证了提出的方法。     

温度翘曲应力对机场刚性道面寿命的影响

分析了目前中国民航机场刚性道面的设计过程,指出在设计过程中忽视温度应力的影响不合理。参照公路水泥混凝土路面温度应力计算方法并根据Miner定律研究了温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面影响规律,即温度翘曲疲劳损耗随板厚、地基反应模量的增大而增大,随着混凝土设计强度的增加而降低。然后提出采用设计寿命的影响因子nt/Nt评价温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面设计寿命影响的方法并提供了相应的机场刚性道面板厚度设计流程图。最后提供了一个考虑温度翘曲应力的刚性道面设计实例,为工程应用提供参考。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.