羊八井宇宙线强度观测数据的气压修正

分析了羊八井宇宙线强度的气压修正，分析表明，气压修正不仅与气压有关，而且与太阳活动有关．太阳活动最高的年，气压修正系数的绝对值最大．此外，计数率的修正值还与数据采样的时间间隔有关，即使是同一时间段，不同时间间隔采用率得到的修正值是不同的．本文最后分析了西藏羊八井中子监测器观测数据的气压修正，得到单路及八道多重计数的气压修正系数．     

"神舟3号"运行高度上大气密度的变化

"神舟3号"(SZ-3)大气密度探测器搭载在SZ-3留轨舱上于2002年3月发射入轨,在轨运行期间获得了轨道舱运行高度范围(330-410km)内的大气密度数据.数据分析表明,无明显太阳和地磁扰动时,热层大气密度的主要变化之一是日照和阴影区域之间的涨落变化,最大涨落变化比约为3.0,变化比与太阳和地磁活动程度有关.在2002-04-17和2002-04-19的强地磁扰动时,全球热层大气密度上涨,同时在磁扰峰期探测获得30°N-40°N区域出现密度扰动异常现象.对强地磁扰动在运行轨道高度上大气密度最大涨幅约为60%左右,响应过程在时间上要比地磁扰动过程滞后6-7h,日照和阴影区域中大气密度的响应变化程度明显不同.在太阳活动程度发生变化时,热层大气密度会呈现出明显的正相关变化关系.     

天基X射线掠入射式成像望远镜发展现状

阐述了太阳X射线成像观测在空间天气预报中的地位和作用，叙述了掠入射式X射线聚焦成像的基本原理，简要介绍了在轨成功运行的天体X射线成像望远镜和太阳X射线成像望远镜的基本设计和技术指标，并介绍了国内正开发研制的专门服务于空间天气预报的太阳X射线成像望远镜基本设计和主要特点．     

Report of the COSPAR mars special regions colloquium

In this paper we present the findings of a COSPAR Mars Special Regions Colloquium held in Rome in 2007. We review and discuss the definition of Mars Special Regions, the physical parameters used to define Mars Special Regions, and physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as Mars Special Regions. We conclude that any region experiencing temperatures > −25 °C for a few hours a year and a water activity > 0.5 can potentially allow the replication of terrestrial microorganisms. Physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as meeting these conditions constitute a Mars Special Region. Based on current knowledge of the martian environment and the conservative nature of planetary protection, the following features constitute Mars Special regions: Gullies and bright streaks associated with them, pasted-on terrain, deep subsurface, dark streaks only on a case-by-case basis, others to be determined. The parameter definition and the associated list of physical features should be re-evaluated on a regular basis.     

航天器异常与空间环境

本文研究考查了靠近或在地球同步轨道上的ＳＣＡＴＨＡ、ＴＤＲＳ－１卫星以及ＧＰＳ、ＧＯＥＳ卫星组等的各自１０年左右运行时间中,空间环境所导致航天器异常的发生率的年分布特征,月分布特征,地方时分布特征以及不同类型的发生率分布特征。结果表明,由于不同空间环境因素对航天器作用不同,引起异常类型不一样,因此,太阳长周期和短月,地方时周期活动对航天器异常发生率影响无简单的统一规律特征;长周期中的单粒子事件是由     

大气层外拦截变结构导引律

讨论了大气层外空间飞行器拦截的变结构导引律问题。从变结构控制理论出发 ,按照最终零控导引拦截的要求 ,确定切换函数 ,利用趋近律控制方法改善控制过程品质的特点 ,导出一种具有强鲁棒性的空间拦截导引律。最后给出了在具体条件下的仿真结果 ,并与比例导引律、最优导引律作了比较     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

低温加压条件下EVA手套的力量分析

为了研究航天员舱外活动时的手套压力和太空低温复合效应对操作力量的影响,选取最大握力和握力疲劳两个指标评价手动作业力量,其中握力疲劳采用做功能力评价.操作力量抓握试验所需的不同温度和压力是通过在低温模拟舱中利用液氮降温以及真空泵抽气实现.结果表明:戴手套对最大握力和握力疲劳的影响都非常显著;与常温常压戴手套相比,压力(29.6 kPa,39.2 kPa)单独作用对最大握力的影响显著,低温单独作用对最大握力的影响并不显著,而二者对握力疲劳的影响都非常显著;在加压和低温复合作用下,最大握力和握力疲劳会进一步受到显著影响.可见手套压力和太空低温复合效应严重降低了航天员手部力量的发挥,航天员舱外作业人-手套系统的研究需考虑复合因素的影响.     

基于细胞吸引子选择机制的网络选择算法

随着无线通信技术的发展,物联网、车联网和体联网等同类型的无线网络之间共存、相互补充和异构融合。任何单一的通信技术不能完全满足人们对网络服务的多样化需求。如何在移动过程中选择可靠高效的网络连接成为学术和工业界的研究热点。基于细胞吸引子选择模型,提出了一种面向群体终端网络选择的决策方法,并通过车联网环境数值实验比较了该生物启发式决策方法与基于效用函数方法的性能,结果表明:基于细胞吸引子选择机制的生物启发式决策方法在网络选择决策中具有较好的性能。