劳动价值论对我国加入WTO后国际经济活动的指导

WTO是一个以市场经济为基础的国际经济组织，它所体现的国际经济关系，本质上是国内商品与货币关系的扩展。因此，马克思所阐述的劳动价值论仍然是指导我国加入WTO后进行国际经济活动的理论基础。     

Modulation of galactic cosmic rays in a north–south asymmetrical heliosphere

Observations made with the two Voyager spacecraft confirmed that the solar wind decelerates to form the heliospheric termination shock. Voyager 1 crossed this termination shock at ∼94 AU in 2004, while Voyager 2 crossed it in 2007 at a different heliolatitude, about 10 AU closer to the Sun. These different positions of the termination shock confirm the dynamic and cyclic nature of the shock’s position. Observations from the two Voyager spacecraft inside the heliosheath indicate significant differences between them, suggesting that apart from the dynamic nature caused by changing solar activity there also may exist a global asymmetry in the north–south (polar) dimensions of the heliosphere, in addition to the expected nose–tail asymmetry. This relates to the direction in which the heliosphere is moving in interstellar space and its orientation with respect to the interstellar magnetic field. In this paper we focus on illustrating the effects of this north–south asymmetry on modulation of galactic cosmic ray Carbon, between polar angles of 55° and 125°, using a numerical model which includes all four major modulation processes, the termination shock and the heliosheath. This asymmetry is incorporated in the model by assuming a significant dependence on heliolatitude of the thickness of the heliosheath. When comparing the computed spectra between the two polar angles, we find that at energies E < ∼1.0 GeV the effects of the assumed asymmetry on the modulated spectra are insignificant up to 60 AU from the Sun but become increasingly more significant with larger radial distances to reach a maximum inside the heliosheath. In contrast, with E > ∼1.0 GeV, these effects remain insignificant throughout the heliosphere even very close to the heliopause. Furthermore, we find that a higher local interstellar spectrum for Carbon enhances the effects of asymmetric modulation between the two polar angles at lower energies (E < ∼300 MeV). In conclusion, it is found that north–south asymmetrical effects on the modulation of cosmic ray Carbon depend strongly on the extent of the geometrical asymmetry of the heliosheath together with the assumed value of the local interstellar spectrum.     

Sawtooth substorms generated under conditions of the steadily high solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere: Relationship between PC, AL and ASYM indices

Periodicity in occurrence of magnetic disturbances in polar cap and auroral zone under conditions of steady and powerful solar wind influence on the magnetosphere is analyzed on the example of 9 storm events with distinctly expressed sawtooth substorms (N = 48). Relationships between the polar cap magnetic activity (PC-index), magnetic disturbances in the auroral zone (AL-index) and value of the ring current asymmetry (ASYM index) were examined within the intervals of the PC growth phase and the PC decline phase inherent to each substorm. It is shown that the substorm sudden onsets are always preceded by the PC growth and that the substorm development does not affect the PC growth rate. On achieving the disturbance maximum, the PC and AL indices are simultaneously fall down to the level preceding the substorm, so that the higher the substorm intensity, the larger is the AL and PC drop in the decline phase. The ASYM index increases and decreases in conformity with the PC and AL behavior, the correlation between ASYM and PC being better than between ASYM and AL. Level of the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere determines periodicity and intensity of disturbances: the higher the coupling function E_KL, the higher is substorm intensity and shorter is substorm length. Taking into account the permanently high level of auroral activity and inconsistency of aurora behavior and magnetic onsets during sawtooth substorms, the conclusion is made that auroral ionosphere conductivity is typically high and ensures an extremely high intensity of field-aligned currents in R1 FAC system. The periodicity of sawtooth substorms is determined by recurrent depletions and restorations of R1 currents, which are responsible for coordinated variations of magnetic activity in the polar cap and auroral zone.     

Effects observed in the equatorial and low latitude ionospheric F-region in the Brazilian sector during low solar activity geomagnetic storms and comparison with the COSMIC measurements

The main objective of the present investigation has been to compare the ionospheric parameters (NmF2 and hmF2) observed by two ground-based ionospheric sounders (one at PALMAS- located near the magnetic equator and the other at Sao Jose dos Campos-located in the low-latitude region) in the Brazilian sector with that by the satellite FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) measurements during two geomagnetic storms which occurred in December 2006 and July 2009. It should be pointed out that in spite of increasing the latitude (to 10°) and longitude (to 20°) around the stations; we had very few common observations. It has been observed that both the peak electron density (NmF2) and peak height (hmF2) observed by two different techniques (space-borne COSMIC and ground-based ionosondes) during both the geomagnetic storm events compares fairly well (with high correlation coefficients) at the two stations in the Brazilian sector. It should be pointed out that due to equatorial spread F (ESF) in the first storm (December 2006) and no-reflections from the ionosphere during nighttime in the second storm (July 2009), we had virtually daytime data from the two ionosondes.     

Regular features of the polar ionosphere characteristics from Digisonde measurements over Norilsk

Regular features of the polar ionosphere have been studied using its local empirical model of the electron density distribution in the bottomside ionosphere. The local empirical model was derived from the hand-scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 Digisonde at Norilsk, Russia (69.4N, 88.1E; 60N GLAT, 166E GLON) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The paper describes the technique used to build the local empirical model and discusses its diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity specifications in comparison with the standard IRI-2007 climatological model for the same period of time, long-term observations from the European Incoherent Scatter UHF radar (1988–1999), and the high-latitude ionosondes data. Primary focus of the paper is behavior of the three F2 layer parameters: the F2 peak density (NmF2), the peak height (hmF2) and the bottomside thickness (B0). Special emphasis of the paper is the analysis of the winter anomaly manifestation at Norilsk and the peculiar diurnal–seasonal behavior of hmF2 under low solar activity, named as a “polar day effect”.     

基于活动预测和能耗均衡的WSN路由算法

无线传感网络（WSN,Wireless Sensor Network）中节点触发与数据传输往往会呈现出某种活动模式,基于活动模式特性提出了基于活动的节点分簇算法（AACP,Activity-Aware Clustering Protocol）,将网络中的传感器 节点分成多个活动簇,并通过对节点的历史触发数据进行分析,结合分簇结果对当前发生的活动进行预测.基于活动预测结果,综合能耗均衡、节点剩余能量、传输能耗等影响因素,提出了基于活动预测和能耗均衡的WSN路由算法（AEBRP,Activity-aware and Energy Balanced Routing Protocol）.仿真实验中与低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议（LEACH,Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy）、基于跟踪的动态节点分簇算法（HCMTT,Hybrid Clustering for Multitarget Tracking in wireless sensor networks）和传感器信息系统中的高能效采集算法（PEGASIS,Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System）进行比较,验证了AEBRP算法在维持网络能耗均衡、延长网络生命周期方面具有明显优势.      

基于UML活动图模型的测试用例生成技术研究

为了设计和生成系统工作流程的测试用例,引入测试大纲模型的概念,设计出从UML(Unified Modeling Language)活动图模型到测试大纲模型,再到测试用例模型的三级转换过程和一组消除活动图模型中的非结构化特征、将其转化为模块化的测试大纲模型,以及把并发子过程实例化为一组典型测试场景的基本规则.还研究了针对每一个输入操作,选择基本输入数据集,并将其赋予测试大纲模型之上,从而构造测试用例模型的方法,以及最终基于测试用例模型生成完备的测试用例集合的方法.      

车辆定位与导航系统中的快速路径规划算法

针对车辆定位与导航系统中的最优路径规划问题,研究了最短路径搜索算法的快速实现技术,并提出了一种启发式快速最优路径规划算法.在分析经典迪杰斯特拉最短路径搜索算法的最优实现的基础上,引入基数堆结构缩减了算法的时间复杂度,再利用启发式搜索和地图分级搜索技术减小搜索空间,从而获得最短路径规划算法的高效率实现.仿真试验的结果证明了该算法的优异性能.     

捷联惯性/星光组合导航车载试验研究

  星光导航是一种自主导航系统。阐述了捷联惯性/星光组合导航系统的构成,星敏感器的工作原理,捷联惯性/星光组合导航的工作原理,以及三种组合导航工作模式。利用现有的设备,进行捷联惯性/星光组合导航系统的车载试验,验证了捷联惯性/星光组合导航技术的可行性和有效性。     

Variability and origin of permanent radio emission in RS CVn and Algol type binaries

The variability of the radio emission of RS CVn and Algol type binaries has been observed over 70 hours by Lefèvre et al. (1993). In this contribution simple model calculations are applied to discuss the relevant time scales. It is concluded that a significant fraction of the permanent radio emission of these systems is due to flare-like processes of energy release over a wide range of energies.