具有终端角度和终端时间约束的闭环制导律及其可行性分析

研究了同时具有终端角度(攻击角度)和终端时间(攻击时间)约束的制导问题.通过将非线性运动学制导模型中的自变量由导引时间变换为速度方向角,可以利用最小值原理直接推导出一种闭环形式制导律,而不必引入任何的线性化处理.在该制导律的导引下,导弹能够精确击中目标并且精确满足终端时间和角度的约束.为了研究该制导律的可行性,本文定义并分析了若干重要参数的可行域.该闭环制导律及其可行性分析被应用于多弹齐射攻击的两种情况.数字仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Vision-based bio-inspired guidance law for small aerial vehicle

During predation, a flying insect can form a stealth flight path. This behavior is called motion camouflage. Based on the study results of this behavior, the perception and neurology of flying insects, a novel bio-inspired guidance law is proposed for the terminal guidance for small aerial vehicle with charge-coupled device imaging seekers. The kinematics relationship between a small aerial vehicle and target is analyzed, and a two-dimensional guidance law model is established by using artificial neural networks. To compare with the proportional guidance law, the numerical simulations are carried out in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane respectively. The simulation results show that the ballistic of the small aerial vehicle is straighter and the normal acceleration is smaller by using the bio-inspired guidance law than by using the proportional guidance law. That is to say, the bio-inspired guidance law just uses the information of the target from the imaging seeker,but the performance of it can be better than that of the proportional guidance law.     

Administrative reform of Japanese Space Policy Structures in 2012

In Japan, there are several government ministries and agencies with important roles in the development and use of space. In 2012, Japan restructured its administrative organs related to the development and use of space through legal amendments to the original acts that established these organs. Although this was an important administrative reform that took four years of planning and discussion to accomplish, this restructuring has not been communicated well outside of Japan. This study provides the first comprehensive overview of the recent legal changes in Japanese space policy. In contrast to some reports, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) still has primary responsibility for the finances and personnel of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). This continues to be true even after the Cabinet Office begins its new role as the focal point for formulating Japanese space policy. It remains to be seen how the policy direction of the Cabinet Office will interact with the operational, financial, and personnel responsibilities of MEXT. I argue that knowledge of the roles of MEXT and the Cabinet Office in space policy, and the tension between the two organizations, is key to understanding Japan's future space policy decision-making process. By tracing the history of Japanese space policy since 2001, I also suggest that if bureaucrats had thought more deeply before making major reforms to space policy and its administration, there would have been less confusion over the development of national space policy this past decade. This paper concludes by identifying some key elements to monitor in the coming years of Japan's space policy.     

结合损伤力学与有限元方法预估铆接结构疲劳寿命

利用飞机铆接试验件疲劳试验数据,结合损伤力学与有限元方法,通过MATLAB调用ABAQUS进行损伤演化方程参数的遗传优化反演。将反演得到的损伤演化方程用于飞机结构疲劳寿命预估中,对机翼蒙皮锪窝形式的铆接结构进行了寿命计算和分析,并与试验数据作对比,证明了方法的可行性。     

终端角度约束制导及制导控制一体化方法综述

针对制导武器终端角度约束下的制导方法和制导控制一体化方法进行综述。首先,对比分析了几种典型的终端角度约束定义,针对二维、三维交战场景构建了面向终端角度约束的制导及制导控制一体化设计的状态空间模型;其次,针对终端角度约束下的制导方法以及制导控制一体化设计方法进行分类、归纳总结与对比;最后,针对终端角度约束制导和制导控制一体化设计中存在的多约束落角控制、信息估计、落角范围估计、协同制导等问题进行了展望。     

Solar sailing in realistic mode,based on a locally-optimal control laws

Ballistic design of solar sailing missions in the solar system is composed of defining the design parameters, the control programs, and the trajectories that provide performance goals of a flight. The use of a solar sail spacecraft imposes specific restrictions on mission parameters that include the degradation limit on the flight duration, the maximum temperature of solar sail's surface, the minimum distance from the Sun, the maximum angular velocity of the spacecraft's rotation and others.Many authors considered the impact of these restrictions on the design of the mission separately, but they used a sophisticated method of finding the exact optimal motion control or applied the most straightforward laws of motion control. This paper uses local-optimal control laws at the complete mathematical models of motion and functioning of solar sail spacecraft to describe a technique of designing interplanetary missions. The described method avoids the need to obtain an accurate optimal solution to the control problem and does not cause significant computational difficulties.     

A simple control law for reducing the effective characteristic acceleration of a solar sail

The direction and magnitude of a solar sail acceleration are strongly related. For this reason, once the characteristic acceleration has been fixed, it is not possible to modulate the acceleration in a particular direction. In this work, a semi-analytical switching control law is derived, enabling a solar sail to emulate a smaller effective characteristic acceleration (without changes in geometry or optical properties); by periodically changing the pitch (cone) angle of the sail, in average over time, the acceleration produced by the sail matches exactly (in both direction and magnitude) that of a “smaller” sail. The range in which this is possible is determined, and the limitations on this range due to the size difference is computed. The method is validated on optimal Earth-Mars trajectories.     

无人机零长发射动态特性分析及控制律设计

针对如何提高无人机零长发射安全性的问题,以某型无人机为研究对象,对火箭助推起飞阶段受力情况进行分析,并考虑火箭脱落前后质量和重心变化影响,建立其动力学模型。仿真研究了发射角、火箭冲程、火箭安装角和火箭推力线偏差等发射参数对发射动态过程的参数影响敏感性。设计了基于姿态控制增稳的起飞控制律和控制策略。仿真结果表明,选择合适的发射参数并严格控制火箭安装偏差范围,在此基础上,尽早启动舵面参与姿态控制可明显改善发射姿态,提高非标状态下零长发射安全性。研究结论可为无人机零长发射起飞提供技术支持和依据。     

空空导弹高抛弹道复合导引律仿真研究

面向空空导弹远距攻击作战需求,提出了一种涵盖中制导、末制导和中末制导平滑过渡3个阶段的高抛弹道复合导引律。针对典型空中目标,建立基本机动飞行模型。在此基础之上,设计开发一套空战仿真软件通过设置对不同发射条件、不同目标机动条件,验证高抛弹道导引律的正确性,并与比例导引在最大攻击距离平均飞行速度、末端命中速度等方面进行对比分析。仿真结果显示,提出的高抛弹道导引律能够在各种发射条件下准确命中目标,具有较强的自适应性。同时,与比例导引相比,能够显著提高空空导弹的综合攻击效能,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

温度垂直递减率对飞机尾涡影响的数值模拟

为了更深入精确地研究航空器尾涡演变规律,保障航空器安全运行,本文采用数值模拟方法对不同温度垂直递减率下A330-300飞机尾流的耗散规律进行了研究。数值模拟选择SST (Shear stress transport) k-ω湍流模型,通过构建5种不同温度垂直递减率下的温度场,并在温度场内编译A330-300飞机尾流场实现不同温度垂直递减率下的演化。通过数值模拟结果与雷达探测数据的对比验证了数值模拟方法可靠性。计算结果表明,一般湍流强度下,不同的温度垂直递减率主要作用于尾涡衰减阶段,通过改变尾涡内外温度影响尾涡演化。温度垂直递减率越小,尾涡衰减区环量减小得越快;温度垂直递减率越大,尾涡下沉的速率越大,快速耗散后的涡核间距越大。