电位法测量微缺口试样的数值分析

疲劳寿命受到材料内部缺陷的制约,可以通过电位法试验获得微缺口试样的疲劳裂纹扩展规律,进而分析缺陷对材料疲劳寿命的影响。在试验前,需要预先研究试验的主要影响因素。利用COMSOL有限元软件,研究了电流输入点位置和电势差测点位置对试验精度和试验复现性的影响,计算得到不同裂纹前缘形状对应的电位法校核曲线。结果表明:(1)电流输入点位置位于试样平行于裂纹面的上下表面时,可以保证试验的复现性。(2)当测点位于裂纹面的垂直对称面上,且测点距离裂纹面垂直距离为0.06～0.1倍试样宽度时,可以同时满足测试精度和复现性。(3)当裂纹宽度和裂纹深度的比值3时,可以不考虑裂纹前缘形状对校核曲线的影响,当裂纹宽度和裂纹深度的比值≤3时,裂纹前缘形状对校核曲线的影响较大。     

低雷诺数下双元素翼帆的襟翼几何参数对其推进特性影响研究

为了研究大型船舶在航行中翼帆对其推进性能的影响规律,本文建立了一种双元素翼帆模型,并采用雷诺平均N-S方程在定常和非定常工况下对襟翼几何参数变化的模型进行数值仿真。结果表明,双元素翼帆气动特性的改变体现了襟翼旋转轴位置、襟翼偏转角以及缝隙宽度之间的非线性耦合作用。襟翼旋转轴位置的前移实际上是增大了缝隙宽度,进而增加了流过缝隙的流体,避免了主翼尾流的流动分离。然而,襟翼旋转轴位置的前移距离也受到襟翼偏转角的限制,在襟翼偏转角为25°、攻角为6°,当襟翼旋转轴位置由90%前移到85%时,襟翼吸力面发生了大尺度流动分离。襟翼旋转轴位置不宜过于靠前或靠后,当相对缝隙宽度为2.4%时襟翼旋转轴位置为85%较为合理。     

An approach for parameter estimation of combined CPPM and LFM radar signal

In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation of the combined radar signal adopting chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM), which can be widely used in electronic countermeasures, is addressed. An approach is proposed to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of the combined signal by exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity of the intra-pulse signal. In addition, under the condition of the equal pulse width, the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the combined signal is predicted using the low-order Volterra adaptive filter. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed cyclic autocorrelation Hough transform (CHT) algorithm is theoretically tolerant to additive white Gaussian noise. When the value of signal noise to ratio (SNR) is less than 4 dB, it can still estimate the intra-pulse parameters well. When SNR = 3 dB, a good prediction of the PRI sequence can be achieved by the Volterra adaptive filter algorithm, even only 100 training samples.     

Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

Explicit expression of collision probability in terms of RSW and NTW components of relative position

The existing analytical and numerical computing methods for collision probability (P_c) provide sufficiently accurate results, but do not reveal the direct connection between P_c and conjunction geometry or error covariance. This paper derived an explicit expression of P_c under the circular orbit assumption, based on analysis of closest approach distance and Chan’s analytical formulae for P_c. The P_c was expressed as an explicit function of the radial, in-track, cross-track components of relative position and error covariance. The explicit expression is simple and compact, relates P_c with components of relative position, which are two kinds of important conjunction risk criteria. By introducing non-zero flight-path angle and ratio of velocity’s magnitude, a modified expression of P_c was presented for objects in eccentric orbits. For objects with eccentricity less than 0.01 (which account for 62% of all LEO objects), the relative error of the explicit expression is less than 0.107, or 0.252 for typical conjunction cases. What really matters in conjunction risk assessment is the order of magnitude rather than the specific value of P_c, the precision of the explicit expression is sufficient for conjunction risk assessment and decision-making for most LEO objects.     

改进的卫星广播星历参数模型及其算法

考虑导航卫星受地球周期性的摄动力影响,提出了一种改进的导航卫星星历参数模型,给出了模型参数的计算方法和用该模型外推卫星轨道的计算步骤。仿真计算结果表明：该广播星历参数模型外推能力强,可较好地拟合卫星运动轨道。     

Formation control using μ-synthesis for Inner-Formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System

Inner-Formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System (IFGMSS) is used to map the gravity field of Earth. The IFGMSS consists of two satellites in which one is called “inner satellite” and the other one is named as “outer satellite”. To measure the pure Earth gravity, the inner satellite is located in the cavity of the outer satellite. Because of the shield effect of the cavity, the inner satellite is affected only by the gravitational force, so it can sense Earth gravity precisely. To avoid the collision between the inner satellite and the outer satellite, it is best to perform a real-time control on the outer satellite. In orbit, the mass of the outer satellite decreases with the consumption of its propellant. The orbit angular rate of the inner satellite varies with time due to various disturbing forces. These two parameters’ uncertainties make the C–W function be not so accurate to describe the formation behavior of these two satellites. Furthermore, the thrusters also have some uncertainties due to the unmodelled dynamics. To cancel the effects caused by the above uncertainties, we have studied the robust control method based on the μ-synthesis. This μ-synthesis eliminates the conservativeness and improves the control efficiency comparing with the H_∞ method. Finally, to test the control method, we simulate an IFGMSS mission in which the satellite runs in a sun synchronous circular orbit with an altitude of 300 km. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the robust control method. The performances of the closed-loop system with the μ-controller are tested by the μ-analysis. It has found that the nominal performance, the robust stability and the robust performance are all achieved. The transient simulation results further prove the control response is fast and the accuracy of the relative position meets the demand of the gravity measurement.     

横向激励下液体大幅晃动建模分析

研究部分充液球形贮箱内的液体在横向推力作用下发生大幅晃动的等效力学模型,建模过程同时考虑平动和转动激励。建立一种新的等效模型,首次提出液体的静平衡表面垂直于等效重力方向的假设,将液体的大幅运动分解为跟随等效重力的整体运动和在此基础上的小幅晃动,该等效模型能够更好地模拟液体大幅晃动情形。将仿真得到的晃动力和力矩与传统等效模型及Flow-3d的结果进行对比,验证了新模型的有效性和准确性。该模型可应用于探月软着陆悬停避障过程等实际工程问题中。     

轨道误差对星敏感器对地指向精度的影响分析

针对使用星敏感器进行对地指向精度问题,分析了影响卫星对地指向精度的主要因素,根据卫星轨道误差,推导了轨道根数误差对经度方向和纬度方向上的指向误差方程.分析了轨道根数对指向精度的影响规律.最后对轨道根数误差的影响进行了仿真,仿真结果与分析结果一致.     

前、后排叶片相对位置对串列转子性能的影响

在折合叶尖切线速度381m/s条件下,利用跨声串列转子技术实现了总压比2.25,负荷系数高达0.55的风扇转子设计。基于数值模拟结果,分析了串列转子前、后排叶片周向和轴向几何相对位置的变化对各自其整体性能的影响及原因。研究结果表明:前、后排几何相对位置的变化改变了后排叶片堵塞系数及其进、出的轴向速度和气流角,因而改变了速度三角形,导致了串列转子整体及各排叶片速度三角形及特性的变化;对于前、后排叶片最佳几何相对位置的选择,当后排叶片在前排叶片弦向上有0.1～0.15倍弦长的重叠时、后排叶片在周向上较为靠近前排叶片压力面时,串列转子能够获得较高的气动性能。