太空环境下电子束原位制造技术

美国国家航空航天局（NASA）载人探索计划的提出给载人登月和载人火星等带来了机会和风险,NASA的工程师和科学家正在开展在月球或火星表面利用当地提炼的材料进行原位制造工艺技术的研究。首先,介绍了太空原位制造和修复（ISFR）技术的概念和特点,结合该技术的发展背景,介绍了电子束原位制造技术的概念、特点以及在太空环境下应用的优势和潜力。然后,根据所用原材料和成形工艺原理的不同,电子束原位制造技术又分为电子束熔融（EBM）和电子束自由成形制造（EBF³）技术两个分支,分别介绍了这两个分支技术的概念、原理、特点以及采用该技术研制出的零件的性能,结合硬件设备的情况介绍了在太空环境下应用的适用性,同时也详细介绍了NASA利用兰利研究中心的C-9抛物线飞行试验系统进行电子束原位制造微重力试验的研究成果、试验数据和未来的发展趋势。最后,结合中国未来空间事业发展的需要,提出了关于发展太空环境下电子束原位制造技术的设想与建议。     

基于有向图模型的民机航空电子系统故障诊断

结合民机航电系统外场可更换单元或模块（LRU/LRM）的故障模式及影响分析（FMEA）、故障树 分析和实时性要求,设计了基于时间故障传播图（TFPG）的系统故障诊断元模型和领域模型,研究了基于逻 辑和时间一致性检验的故障诊断算法,使用后向推理和可信度度量列出候选故障集。以飞行管理系统为例,构 造了其功能失效的TFPG 模型,并通过仿真验证了基于TFPG 的诊断在滤除级联效应和关联驾驶舱效应中的有 效性。     

高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响

以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。      

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

非均匀环境下利用单个数据集的STAP算法

对非均匀环境下利用单个数据集的机载雷达空时自适应处理(SDS-STAP)算法进行了研究。针对现有单个数据集类空时自适应算法存在的问题,提出了一种基于对待测数据集进行空时二维滑窗处理的二维幅度相位估计(2D-APES)算法。该算法利用回波的统计信息,不仅放宽了算法处理器对于雷达系统阵元数与脉冲数选取的约束,而且能够有效抑制杂波及待测单元内的干扰,同时降低了处理器的计算复杂度。最后,仿真数据及实测数据实验验证了所提算法的正确性与有效性。     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

中原经济区建设进程中河南省体育产业发展外环境研究

在文献分析的基础上,依托于区域经济学、环境论等相关理论,探讨区域外部环境因素对该地区体育产业发展的影响。通过研究发现,河南省体育产业受到经济基础、产业结构、居民收入、家庭人均娱乐文教支出、消费观念、政府政策、群众受教育程度等多种因素的深度影响。中原经济区凭借社会经济发展水平与相应环境条件的支撑,为体育产业的开发提供了相对优越的基础。     

行业标准与高职素质教育契合性理论与实践——以广州民航职业技术学院为例

高职院校在教育实践中存在着重技能培养而轻素质教育的问题,如何解决这一问题,将专业教育与素质教育相融合是一种切实可行方案。将专业教育中的＂行业标准＂与素质教育相结合,从＂贯彻教育方针,培育高素质人才＂、＂拓展职教潜能,达成校企融通＂、＂关注自身发展,践行学以致用＂三个维度描述二者契合的必要性,从在内涵上有着相通的意蕴、在历史上有着相同的源流、在操作中有着相融的环境三个角度论证二者契合的可行性,并总结广州民航职业技术学院基于行业标准的素质教育实践举措,即＂理论教学打基础＂、＂文化活动谋提升＂、＂顶岗实习检成效＂。     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

嵌入式软件测试开发环境的框架设计

采用软件设计上的复用思想,对嵌入式软件仿真测试环境进行框架的设计,可以使测试环境在不做大幅度修改的情况下适应不同的被测软件,节省设计的时间和费用.论述了由框架开发软件的过程,并把此过程应用于测试环境;对嵌入式软件仿真测试环境进行总体分析,确定了它的3个主要组成部分;归纳出作为测试环境重要组成部分的测试开发环境的基本功能,并使用专门针对框架开发的UML-F建模语言设计了一个框架;对已开发成功的测试开发环境框架,提出了具体的框架适配方案.本设计已在实际工程中得到了应用.