Intrinsic parameters of massive OB stars

We present the results of our observations of stars of type O5 and earlier and show that inclusion of the line blocking between 228 and 912 A solves the problem found by Herrero et al. (1992) in the determination of their stellar parameters. We study the influence of the line blocking and other effects on the mass and helium discrepancies and show that the first one is reduced by the use of spherical, non hydrostatic model atmospheres and that the second one is probably due to exposure of CNO material.The INT is operated on the island of La Palma by the RGO in the Spanish Observatorio de El Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofsica de Canarias     

Wire electrochemical machining with axial electrolyte flushing for titanium alloy

Titanium and its alloys have found very wide application in aerospace due to their excellent characteristics although their processing is still a challenge. Electrochemical machining is an important issue in the fabrication of titanium and titanium alloys. Wire electrochemical machining (WECM) is mainly used for workpiece cutting under the condition of different thickness plates. It has a great advantage over wire electro-discharge machining, which is the absence of heat-affected zone around the cutting area. Moreover, the wire electrode in WECM could be used repetitively because it is not worn out. Thus, much attention has been paid to WECM. The effective way of removing electrolysis products is of importance to WECM. In this paper, the axial electrolyte flushing is presented to WECM for removing electrolysis products and renewing electrolyte. The Taguchi experiment is conducted to optimize the machining parameters, such as wire feedrate, machining voltage, electrolyte concentration, etc. Experimental results show that WECM with axial electrolyte flushing is a promising issue in the fabrication of titanium alloy (TC1). The feasibility of multi-wire electrochemical machining is also demonstrated to improve the machining productivity of WECM.     

An efficient regulation approach for tomographic reconstruction in combustion diagnostics based on TDLAS method

For tomographic reconstruction in combustion diagnostics, it is usually necessary to solve a rank-deficient problem, where the number of non-linear dependent equations is smaller than the number of unknowns. In some reconstructions, there are grids without rays passing through. This produces artifacts during the reconstruction. In this paper, the weight of the regulation equation is modified with the number of the rays crossing the grid cells. The effect of the neighboring grid values as well as the number of rays crossing the grid cells is considered in the new regulation method. Numerical simulation results show that the new regulation method suppresses the reconstruction error of the no rays crossing grid and successfully restrains the corner distortion in four projection angles. The effects of the weight coefficient and the smoothing factor on the reconstruction are examined through a numerical study. Finally, a combustion experiment demonstrates that the new regulation method can significantly reduce the reconstructed error, especially for the non-ray crossing condition, and the results are compared with thermocouple measurements and reconstructions without modified regulation.     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

硅基底上外延生长过渡金属硅化物薄膜的研究

过渡金属与硅的接触系统一直被人们所关注,是因为它们在界面处具有肖特基势垒的形成、过渡金属硅化物的外延生长、制作器件的稳定和耐高温等重要性.因此在硅基底上形成金属硅化物薄膜也被广泛应用于半导体工业.对硅衬底上蒸发的Cr、Fe、Mn薄膜进行热处理,通过固相反应法(SPR)制备过渡金属硅化物薄膜,即经过对过渡金属硅化物(薄膜)/Si系统进行各种温度、不同时间的热处理,制备出各种过渡金属硅化物薄膜.对于制成的各种硅化物薄膜,用X射线衍射法(XRD)和软X射线发射分光光谱法(SXES)对它们的组成成分进行了分析和确认.并且,由这两种分析方法表明:各种过渡金属硅化物薄膜在硅衬底上各形成了单一相的均匀层硅化物薄膜.     

基于机电阻抗方法的连接接头螺钉松动损伤识别研究

飞机在飞行过程中,机翼蒙皮的螺钉在反复载荷的作用下会发生松动、甚至脱落损伤,对飞机的飞行安全埋下隐患。及时发现此类损伤并采取有效措施可以提高飞机的安全性。针对此类损伤,设计了硬铝合金板连接接头的螺钉松动损伤模式,应用机电阻抗的试验方法对其进行了识别研究。试验结果表明：当选择恰当的频率范围时,随着螺钉松动损伤程度的增加,压电片与结构组成系统的RMSD（Root Mean Square Deviation）指标增加,两者表现出单调函数关系,应用RMSD损伤指标可以识别螺钉松动损伤程度,且对小的损伤更加敏感。     

宽频声传播计算中多自由度时域阻抗边界条件的适定性

旨在验证一种多自由度时域阻抗边界条件在宽频声传播问题中的适用性与精度.选用NASA(美国国家航空航天局)流管实验数据进行数值校核;采用高精度计算气动声学方法数值求解线化欧拉方程.计算结果与实验数据及单频结果均吻合很好,表明了该多自由度时域阻抗边界条件具备精确处理宽频声传播问题的能力.      

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Laser Milling Assisted with Jet Electrochemical Machining

In laser milling assisted with jet electrochemical machining （LMAJECM）, the source of energy is a pulsed laser beam aligned coaxially with a jet of electrolyte, which focuses optical energy on the surface of work- piece. The impact of jet of electrolyte develops a state-of-art work to perform operations such as electrolytic etch- ing, effective cooling, and transportation of debris. Therefore, a special jet cell is designed to obtain stable jet as to be a kind of noneontact tool, i. e. , electrode. According to the theoretical model of on-off pulse time process, laser machining and electrolytic anodization are simulated by finite element analysis （FEA） method. Grooves on a 0.5 mm thick 321 stainless steel sheet produced by LMAJECM is performed with pulsed Nd：YAG laser at the second harmonic wavelength. Compared with laser milling under ambient atmosphere conditions, the recast layer and burrs are effectively diminished. And the accuracy of depth is dedicated to laser milling, whilst that of width is dominated by jet electrochemical machining. It is demonstrated that LMAJECM can be a highly potential approach for fabricating 3-D micro components.     

整体叶盘电解加工阴极修正方法与试验

电解加工是航空发动机整体叶盘制造的主要技术之一,阴极修正是该加工技术的重要环节。为了提升阴极修正精度,提出了恒采样点空间法向修正方法。该方法将阴极型面设计、加工误差分析、工具阴极修正统一至阳极采样点空间法向的一维坐标系中,将复杂的三维曲面修正简化为离散的一维修正,消除了加工误差与修正量的错位。以某整体叶盘为例,在自行研制的整体叶盘型面电解加工机床上开展工具阴极修正试验,采用三坐标测量机对修正前后的加工样件进行检测,经过一次修正,叶片电解加工精度由0.25mm提高至0.04mm,试验结果表明该阴极修正方法合理有效,具有较强的可行性。     

利用TDLAS技术评估火箭基组合循环发动机试验性能

针对宽范围工作的火箭基组合循环（RBCC）发动机推力、比冲和燃烧效率等性能难以通过关键参数的实时测量直接计算的问题,提出利用可调谐二极管激光器吸收光谱（TDLAS）技术实现发动机燃气温度、H2O组分浓度和速度多参数同时实时在线非接触式激光光谱测量方法,搭建用于RBCC地面试验性能分析的时分复用-扫描波长TDLAS系统。通过试验获得的(7444.352+7444.371)/7185.597cm -1 谱线附近吸收光谱,从而得到燃气温度、H2O组分浓度和速度参数,并结合数值模拟方法确定的流场参数纵向分布,实现基于关键参数在线测量的发动机性能直接计算。该方法有助于评判燃烧组织和结构改变对发动机性能的影响。