含孔边裂纹各向异性有限板的二维问题

应用边界元法,并结合一种特殊的复变函数基本解,研究了含孔边裂纹的各向异性有限板的应力强度因子修正系数的计算。这种特解边界元法避免了在裂纹附近划分单元,可以获得较好的数值计算精度。通过算例分析,结果表明本方法精度高,运算量小,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于ANP的直升机单机森林灭火训练效能评估

现有的直升机单机森林灭火训练效能评估方法仅针对取水灭火过程,忽视了其他任务环节对训练效能的贡献,并假设指标间相互独立,因此导致评估指标体系不全面、指标权重分配不合理,评估结果的可靠性低。利用离散事件系统建模理论建立的事件活动流将直升机单机森林灭火训练任务分解成若干相关活动,活动映射法对各活动效能要素进行分析并转化为效能评估指标,最终构建出全面的两维度效能评估指标体系;网络分析法(ANP)的使用考虑了评估指标间具有的依赖和相关关系,对指标权重进行重新合理分配,评估方法更符合问题的实际情况,评估结果更加可信。基于超级决策(SD)软件的案例分析表明,所提出的效能评估方法具有工程应用的可行性和参考价值。     

月基平台对地观测数据传输链路方案设计及分析

数据传输及处理能力是月基平台构建中的一个重要问题,如何高效准确地传输海量对地观测数据至地球供后续研究是开展月基对地观测的关键环节。通过STK和MATLAB软件联合仿真,模拟月基平台对地观测数据传输链路,首次提出适用于月基平台的下行链路通信方案:通过构建中纬度地球站、最小间隔经度值为40°的2颗中继卫星组的设计方案,可以最大程度地实现全天候、无时断的信号传输,满足下行链路接收端获取足够强度和低误码率的信息,从而保障月基平台的运行。      

稀土对电沉积镍基复合镀层高温抗氧化性的影响

研究了稀土加入三种电沉积镍基复合镀层Ni—B_4C、Ni—TiC、Ni—ZrO_2前后,在850℃时的氧化行为。通过金相观察、ESCA(光电子能谱)分析及X射线衍射等方法研究表明:镀层中不同的复合颗粒和稀土两者对镀层的抗氧化能力均有影响。其小不同种类的颗粒对镀层抗氧化能力所产生影响的差别很明显;而稀土对镀层抗氧化能力影响的差别较小,且影响的程度比较接近。另外,两者影响的机理也不同。颗粒是通过分解、扩散等过程改变表面膜的组成来影响的,而稀土则是从提高膜的致密度和膜与基体的粘附性来影响的。作者认为,它们的影响既互相独立,而又互相补充。     

基于谷歌地球的仪表飞行程序

在Google Earth的三维地形数据的基础上,建立了完整的计算机辅助仪表飞行程序设计系统,在GoogleEarth上绘制出飞行程序保护区。并建立机场数据库,存储机场数据以及保护区各重要位置点数据,导入AUTOCAD,完成AUTO CAD出图。实现计算机辅助飞行程序设计。     

一种地球同步自旋卫星红外弦宽差分定姿方法

 提出了一种定点后地球同步自旋卫星姿态确定方法,推导了它的计算公式。充分利用了定点后卫星相对地球位置固定不变的特点,只利用一个参考矢量和卫星的位置信息,就可以确定卫星的姿态,完全消除了传统定姿态方法的几何条件限制。由于本方法姿态计算过程中利用的是星上红外地球敏感器测量数据的差分值,消除了测量数据中系统差对定姿精度的影响,使定姿精度提高到0.01°,实际工程应用效果进一步证明了该算法的正确性和精度。     

双太阳翼GEO卫星在轨角动量管控方法

地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星在轨的主要环境干扰力矩为太阳光压力矩和重力梯度力矩,干扰力矩的累积效应表现为飞轮转速的变化,需要通过外力矩进行角动量卸载避免飞轮饱和。由于GEO磁场极弱,卫星无法使用磁力矩卸载,只能通过喷气卸载,而喷气将对卫星轨道产生影响,因此需要尽可能延长卸载周期。针对配置双对称太阳电池阵GEO卫星的角动量管控需求,首先建立卫星在惯性空间中角动量积累模型,并映射到卫星本体系中,得到本体系中的角动量变化规律。通过飞轮在轨转速遥测数据,精确辨识获取环境干扰力矩特征参数,获得真实可靠的干扰模型。以角动量卸载周期最长为原则,基于在轨环境干扰模型制定角动量管控策略,并准确预估下次角动量卸载时间。经在轨数据处理与分析表明:提出的角动量管控策略,可有效将飞轮的角动量卸载周期提升为原来的2倍,有效提升卫星在轨应用效能,具有实际工程意义。     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

ATC计算机系统的地线系统及机房防火措施

在计算机系统的接地系统中,一些问题至今尚无定论,本文结合几个计算机系统安装调试的经验,及现有的ATC雷达模拟系统实体,就机房屏蔽地线、防雷击地线、交流地线、系统地线给予介绍和简单的论述,并给出一些经验值,还说明了直流地悬空的危害和地桩的埋设方法。另外,简要介绍了机房的防火设施,以便有关单位参考。     

AerMet100钢的研究与发展

以AerMet100钢专利和AMS标准的变迁为基础,结合近年来国外AerMet100钢研究内容和材料院相关的研究工作,理出提高AerMet100钢断裂韧度研究的思路.不断提高纯洁度是AerMet100钢断裂韧度提高的重要条件之一;通过多元微量稀土元素改变杂质元素的状态和空间分布,可以有效减少杂质元素对断裂韧度的危害;热处理形成的稳定的逆转变奥氏体对断裂韧度起到积极作用.