大气环境监测卫星方案设计与技术特点

大气环境监测卫星(DQ-1)是国家民用空间基础设施中长期发展规划中的科研卫星，其运行于705 km高度的太阳同步轨道，装载大气探测激光雷达(ACDL)、高精度偏振扫描仪(POSP)、多角度偏振成像仪(DPC)、紫外高光谱大气成分探测仪(EMI)及宽幅成像光谱仪(WSI)等5台遥感仪器，通过主动激光与被动高光谱、多光谱、多角度、偏振等手段结合，实现对大气CO2、细颗粒物、污染气体、云和气溶胶等要素，以及对大气环境、水环境和生态环境等进行大范围、连续、动态、全天时的综合监测;卫星CO2柱浓度探测精度优于1 ppm，为国际最高。卫星入轨后各分系统工作正常，在轨测试结果均满足要求，能够进一步提升我国大气环境综合监测、全球气候变化和农作物估产、农业灾害等应对能力，推动生态环境、气象、农业农村等领域遥感应用。本文概述了DQ-1卫星的总体设计方案，总结了卫星的主要技术特点及创新点，介绍了卫星系统在轨测试情况，并对卫星的应用前景进行了展望。     

天基星空背景观测覆盖范围计算方法研究

针对日趋复杂的空间环境，天基观测由于其分布灵活和全天候观测的特性受到越来越多的关注，该类问题为典型的星空背景观测（above-the-horizon，ATH）问题。基于分段积分思想，提出了一种ATH观测三维空间覆盖范围的计算方法，涵盖了该问题所有可能的10种积分形式，适用于因观测约束参数不同取值而形成的任意几何构型场景。不仅在二维平面覆盖问题上与现有方法进行了比较并验证，还首次解决了ATH在三维空间中覆盖体积的定量解析计算难题。仿真结果表明，平面和空间覆盖最大化所对应的最优观测轨道高度存在明显差异，空间覆盖计算模型能更为准确有效地表示卫星覆盖性能，同时能为星座优化设计提供参考。     

StarLink星座对空间安全态势的影响

针对StarLink星座部署后带来的空间安全问题，对StarLink星座构型仿真，利用碰撞概率的算法，从碰撞风险的角度分析了StarLink星座部署后对其他卫星在轨安全的影响。结果表明:StarLink星座部署对低轨航天器将带来较大的碰撞风险，碰撞风险比部署前提升一个量级，对535~555 km空间区域的航天器影响尤为突出，一旦产生碰撞碎片将带来更大的碰撞风险。通过分析提出了警示，并针对大型卫星星座带来的碰撞危险提供了应对建议。     

Advanced analytical model for orbital aerodynamic prediction in LEO

The growing interest in low earth orbit (LEO) applications demands for accurate modeling of orbital aerodynamics. But classical analytical models of aerodynamic coefficients in free molecule flow, such as the Sentman’s model, Schamberg’s model and Schaaf-Chambre model, were built upon over simplistic gas-surface interaction models, which degrade the fidelity of aerodynamic prediction. This work presents a new analytical model of orbital aerodynamic coefficients based on the state-of-the-art Cercignani–Lampis–Lord (CLL) gas-surface interaction model, where lobular quasi-specular scattering pattern and separate accommodation degree for different velocity components can be well captured. A key component of the new model is a rigorous function approximation solution of the reflected normal momentum flux based on the CLL model which is derived for the first time and is validated within 1% for any hypothermal flow and surface accommodation conditions. Closed-form analytical solutions of aerodynamic coefficients for simple convex geometries are obtained and exhibit high accuracy (within 0.1%) in typical LEO scenarios. The new analytical model surpasses the classical models in some important aspects, such as overcoming the diffuse scattering hypothesis constraint, considering the variation of normal momentum exchange with the surface incidence angle and being applicable in any hypothermal flow situation. In virtue of the advanced CLL model and feasibility of coupling with the panel method technique, the new analytical model is promising to provide more accurate predictions on the orbital aerodynamic coefficients for LEO applications.     

Frequency steering of spaceborne clocks based on XPNAV-1 observations

Due to high stable rotations, timing of pulsars provides a natural tool to correct the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks. Based on processing the observational data about a year of Crab pulsar given by XPNAV-1 satellite, we study the possibility of correcting the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks using pulsar timing. According to the observational data in X-ray band and the timing model parameters from radio observations, the pre-fit timing residuals with a level of 6...     

Robust extension of the simple sea-surface irradiance model to handle cloudy conditions for the global ocean using satellite remote sensing data

Sea-surface solar radiation (abbreviated as photosynthetically available radiation, PAR) in the visible wavelength (400–700 nm) is an essential parameter to estimate marine primary productivity and understanding phytoplankton dynamics, upper ocean physics and biogeochemical processes. Although many remote-sensing models were developed to estimate daily PAR (DPAR) from ocean colour data, these models often produce biases in the DPAR products under cloudy-sky and complex atmospheric conditions due to the lack of parameterization to deal with the cloud cover conditions and insufficient in-situ DPAR data. This study presents an Extended Sea-surface Solar Irradiance Model (ESSIM) for estimating DPAR over the global ocean. The ESSIM uses the direct and diffuse components from the Simple sea-surface Solar Irradiance Model (SSIM) along with a new parameter to handle cloudy conditions. The ESSIM produced DPAR products with greater accuracy under both clear and cloudy conditions. Its performance was tested on the time-series MODIS-Aqua images and compared with the concurrent in-situ data and the results from two global models. Results showed that the DPAR values produced by ESSIM agree with in-situ data better than the global models for all-sky conditions (with a mean relative error of 11.267 %; a root mean square error of 5.563 Em^?2day^?1; and a mean net bias of 2.917 Em^?2day^?1). The ESSIM performed slightly better than the SSIM for clear conditions and the Frouin's Operational Algorithm (FOA) for all-sky conditions. As the new parameterization accounts for cloudy conditions, the ESSIM produced more accurate results for cloud cover conditions across latitudes (up to 60°). The time-series Level-3 binned MODIS-Aqua data (global gridded) also demonstrated that the ESSIM improved the accuracy of DPAR products and produced spatially and temporally consistent DPAR products over the global ocean regardless of the seasons and sky conditions.