Variation in the ionospheric propagating factor M(3000)F2 at Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

We use hourly monthly median values of propagation factor M(3000)F2 data observed at Ouagadougou Ionospheric Observatory (geographic12.4°N, 1.5°W; 5.9^o dip), Burkina Faso (West Africa) during the years Januar1987–December1988 (average F10.7 < 130 × 10⁻²² W/m²/Hz, representative of low solar flux conditions) and for January 1989–December1990 (average F10.7 ? 130 × 10⁻²² W/m²/Hz, representative of high solar epoch) for magnetically quiet conditions to describe local time, seasonal and solar cycle variations of equatorial ionospheric propagation factor M(3000)F2 in the African region. We show that that seasonal trend between solar maximum and solar minimum curves display simple patterns for all seasons and exhibits reasonable disparity with root mean square error (RMSE) of about 0.31, 0.29 and 0.26 for December solstice, June solstice and equinox, respectively. Variability Σ defined by the percentage ratio of the absolute standard deviation to the mean indicates significant dissimilarity for the two solar flux levels. Solar maximum day (10–14 LT) and night (22–02 LT) values show considerable variations than the solar minimum day and night values. We compare our observations with those of the IRI 2007 to validate the prediction capacity of the empirical model. We find that the IRI model tends to underestimate and overestimate the observed values of M(3000)F2, in particular, during June solstice season. There are large discrepancies, mainly during high solar flux equinox and December solstice between dawn and local midnight. On the other hand, IRI provides a slightly better predictions for M(3000)F2 between 0900 and 1500 LT during equinox low and high solar activity and equinox high sunspot number. Our data are of great importance in the area of short-wave telecommunication and ionospheric modeling.     

DORIS processing at the European Space Operations Centre

This paper gives an overview of the DORIS related activities at the Navigation Support Office of the European Space Operations Centre. The DORIS activities were started in 2002 because of the launch of the Envisat satellite where ESOC is responsible for the validation of the Envisat Precise Orbits and a brief overview of the key Envisat activities at ESOC is given. Typical orbit comparison RMS values between the CNES POE (GDR-C) and the ESOC POD solution is 6.5, 18.8 and 23.1 mm in radial-, along- and cross-track direction. In the framework of the generation of the ITRF2008 ESOC participated in the reprocessing of all three space geodetic techniques; DORIS, SLR, and GPS. Here the main results of our DORIS reprocessing, in the framework of the International DORIS Service (IDS), are given. The WRMS of the weekly ESOC solution (esawd03) for the 2004–2009 period compared to the IDS-1 combined solution is of the order of 12 mm. Based on the long time series of homogeneously processed data a closer look is taken at the estimated solar radiation pressure parameters of the different satellites used in this DORIS analysis. The main aim being the stabilization of the Z-component of the geocentre estimates. We conclude that the ESOC participation to the IDS ITRF2008 contribution has been beneficial for both ESOC and the IDS. ESOC has profited significantly from the very open and direct communications and comparisons that took place within the IDS during the reprocessing campaign.     

降落伞伞衣载荷的性能试验

在改变伞衣面积和透气量的情况下,在定常风洞中对小型平面圆形伞的开伞过程进行了动态试验,研究了开伞过程中伞衣形状和伞衣所受载荷之间的动态关系.伞衣载荷不仅受降落伞阻力和附加质量变化率产生的力影响,同时,不稳定性及伞衣(绳)的抖动也是产生伞衣载荷的一个重要因素.稳定型伞衣充满后的载荷平均值约为最大开伞动载的60％左右,伞衣投影直径变化引起的呼吸现象也会引起载荷波动.透气量越大,降落伞稳定性越好,但降落伞的充气性能将会变差.该实验研究可为降落伞的载荷分析提供一定的依据.      

宽带LFM信号的线性度测量

介绍了一种采用微波延迟线鉴相的方法对宽带LFM信号的线性度进行测量的装置。在该装置中,使用光纤、电缆实现微波延时,在小波变换的基础上采用相位建模以提高瞬时频率的测频准确度,根据线性调频信号的调频形式建立数学模型,得出了线性度的数学表达式。     

复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化法

通过采用辅助层压板和添加极小弹性模量材料的复合材料加筋壁板有限元建模方法,应用MSC．PAT－RAN／NASTRAN的参数化建模与遗传算法相结合的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化方法,对复合材料T型加筋壁板进行了从2000 N／mm到6000 N／mm压缩载荷下的结构优化分析。提出的基于参数化模型和遗传算法的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化法分为壁板级优化和层压板级优化两部分,在壁板级优化得到最优的结构尺寸参数,在层板级优化得到最优的层压板铺层顺序。     

飞机液压系统动态油温计算方法优化

分析了动态油温计算方法的不足,将此方法中的液压油箱计算模型加以优化得到改进的动态油温计算方法,基于功率损失法给出了飞机液压系统中四种典型液压附件的温度计算方程。以某航空液压泵地面试验系统为计算实例,将改进方法计算的结果与试验结果、改进前方法的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明改进的动态油温计算方法相比改进前的方法具有更高的准确度。     

旋转弹气动力建模与飞行轨迹仿真

运用一种自回归滑动平均(ARMA)的时域气动力建模方法,以计算流体力学与刚体动力学(CFD/RBD)耦合仿真的输出结果为样本,对旋转弹的非定常气动力进行建模。利用建立的气动力模型与刚体动力学方程求解模块耦合,实现了旋转弹轨迹的快速仿真,并讨论了不同的建模方式对仿真精度的影响。算例结果表明:采用气动力模型与刚体动力学方程耦合仿真技术可以在不同初始发射条件下进行旋转弹飞行姿态与运动轨迹预测,且与CFD/RBD仿真结果吻合较好,证明ARMA气动力建模方法可以在保证旋转弹轨迹预测精度的同时大幅缩短仿真时间,节省计算资源。     

飞机风挡透明件的鸟撞分析

 本文研究了风挡透明件鸟撞动力响应的分析模型和方法。考虑了撞击载荷与风挡透明件动力响应的耦合作用和非线性效应。为了能方便地使用现有的非线性有限元分析程序并避免数值解的振荡现象,在研究中不采用常用的拉格朗日法和罚函数法,而是采用动量平衡法。同时,为了避免不断调整撞击接触点和修改网格,本文采用超弹性的橡皮材料来模拟鸟体,而不是象国外那样采用流体柱。研究和比较了衍生动载荷响应解,并提出相应的看法。     

准一维可压缩瞬变管流的有限体积模型(Ⅱ)管壁温度场的有限体积模型

在流场模型的基础上,通过对圆柱坐标系下轴对称管道壁面划分的二维有限体积网格,建立了一种计算管壁瞬变传热的有限体积模型,可处理对流换热和辐射换热两种边界情况,可处理具有包覆层或真空夹层结构的变物性管壁传热.温度场模型是流场建模思想的自然延伸,对二者的组合运用即为所发展的可仿真准一维可压缩流管内瞬变流动的有限体积模型,一方面,在流场仿真的体系内发展了传热计算的部分并最终扩展成为统一的流动/传热仿真体系,另一方面,结合阀芯节流模型,从此模型出发可推导出管路系统常见元件的流场和温度场模型.对某发动机试验台液氧贮箱增压系统的建模与仿真表明,提出的模型体系具有很好的适用范围和良好的仿真精度.      

地面系留对直升机动力响应的影响

 建立了系留状态下直升机旋翼/机体耦合非线性动力学模型,无铰旋翼简化为当量铰刚性桨叶模型,假定机体是刚性体并受起落架和系留索的约束,系留索静态时松弛并只能承受拉力。采用数值仿真研究了系留对模型旋翼地面共振的影响,对初始扰动和旋翼转速对系统动力学行为的影响也进行了仿真研究。对于无系留的模型旋翼来说,在任何转速下没有出现不稳定现象;地面系留时系统会呈现稳定响应、极限环以及大幅值振荡等非线性动力学行为,大幅值振荡将使系留索、接头和支持结构承受破坏性动力载荷。