航空类院校人文环境的构建

航空类院校是高等教育的重要组成部分,随着当前我国航空产业的不断发展,航空类院校的重要地位更加凸显。富有自身特色的人文环境的构建关乎航空院校培养全面发展的人才。     

An overview of RADOM results for earth and moon radiation environment on Chandrayaan-1 satellite

The RADiatiOn Monitor (RADOM) is a miniature dosimeter-spectrometer that flew onboard the Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission in order to monitor the local radiation environment. Primary objective of the RADOM experiment was to measure the total absorbed dose, flux of surrounding energetic particles and spectrum of the deposited energy from high energy particles both en-route and in lunar orbit. RADOM was the first experiment to be switched on after the launch of Chandrayaan-1 and was operational until the end of the mission. This paper summarizes the observations carried out by RADOM during the entire life time (22 October 2008–31 August 2009) of the Chandrayaan-1 mission and compares the measurement by RADOM with the radiation belt models such as AP-8, AE-8 and CRRESS.     

火箭整流罩声振环境缩比特性研究

针对火箭整流罩全尺寸声振环境试验过程中难度大、成本高的问题，通过量纲分析的方法建立了缩比模型的相似准则，研究并获得了缩比模型与原模型之间内部声场、壁面振动加速度的关系，并使用声学有限元方法(FEM)进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明，缩比模型与原模型场点处声压级相吻合，壁面振动加速度成一定的比例关系，符合缩比准则结果。该方法为火箭整流罩的声振环境预示和试验提供了理论依据。     

韧性材料的冲蚀损伤数值仿真综述

砂尘造成韧性材料的冲蚀损伤现象和损伤演化规律是冲蚀机理研究的重要内容，基于相应冲蚀试验和数值仿真的分析 方法是揭示冲蚀机理的重要手段。回顾了砂尘冲蚀损伤研究的缘起和发展经历，在介绍砂尘冲蚀损伤机理的基础上，总结了当前 数值仿真研究的3种主流方法：有限元方法、无网格方法和计算流体动力学方法。从数值仿真角度针对砂尘对韧性材料造成的破 坏模式、砂尘冲击姿态、砂尘冲击速度和形状、砂尘破碎对材料去除机制的影响等4个方面综述了影响冲蚀损伤机理的主要因素 和当前研究进展。砂尘对韧性材料造成的破坏模式通常分为材料凹陷、滑动、犁削、切削等4种不同机制；砂尘的冲击姿态决定了 材料的损伤模式；砂尘的冲击速度和砂尘的形状决定了材料的损伤严重程度；砂尘破碎现象对材料的去除机制有一定影响。     

航天器空间环境干扰力矩分析与仿真研究

针对航天器在轨运行时所受到的空间环境干扰力矩进行建模分析,并通过实时解算和矢量叠加的方式进行仿真研究,尤其对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩的建模与仿真提出了新的方法,该方法通过建立光照面与迎风面的判断准则,准确地对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩进行了估计。对各种空间环境干扰力矩的精确建模与仿真为航天器精确姿态控制设计及系统姿态控制方案和控制执行机构的选取提供了依据,文中提出的方法简单易用,工程实现性强,为未来的工程应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

Sulfur “concrete” for lunar applications – Sublimation concerns

Melting sulfur and mixing it with an aggregate to form “concrete” is commercially well established and constitutes a material that is particularly well-suited for use in corrosive environments. Discovery of the mineral troilite (FeS) on the moon poses the question of extracting the sulfur for use as a lunar construction material. This would be an attractive alternative to conventional concrete as it does not require water. However, the viability of sulfur concrete in a lunar environment, which is characterized by lack of an atmosphere and extreme temperatures, is not well understood. Here it is assumed that the lunar ore can be mined, refined, and the raw sulfur melded with appropriate lunar regolith to form, for example, bricks. This study evaluates pure sulfur and two sets of small sulfur concrete samples that have been prepared using JSC-1 lunar stimulant and SiO₂ powder as aggregate additions. Each set was subjected to extended periods in a vacuum environment to evaluate sublimation issues. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed within the context of the lunar environment.     

Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.     

网络环境下的知识产权保护

网络的发展推进了人类信息化进程。但网络也给知识产权的保护带来了难题。文章通过对网络环境下知识产权保护的诸多问题的讨论及其所使用法律法规的分析 ,从而提出了对其进行保护的措施。     

The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

虚拟战场环境中直升机自主飞行仿真

虚拟战场环境在部队训练和武器系统评估中正在发挥越来越大的作用。虚拟战场环境中除了人在回路中的武器仿真器外，还存在大量计算机生成的自主运动的虚拟武器平台。以直升机为研究对象，考虑直升机作战环境与运用特点，对直升机在地形约束下的自主飞行进行了仿真。应用结果表明，利用此方法可以在虚拟战场环境中实现虚拟直升机的逼真运动。