金属韧脆转移评定标准的本质及其相互关系

本文阐述了钢的冷脆性评定方法及理论;韧脆转移的本质和机理;对冲击试样、弯曲试样、拉伸试样的断裂行为及其相互关系进行了分析;并对理论韧脆转移温度及与其它标准的转移温度之间的关系进行了讨论。     

半平板周期断裂问题

本文讨论裂纹在交线上的周期半平板焊接问题,求得了平衡应力场的封闭解,给出了一些数值结果。     

铝/钢法兰钎焊焊缝开裂失效分析

文摘某管道法兰由镀镍不锈钢管与铝管通过钎焊的方式焊接而成,力学试验过程中钎焊缝部位发生开裂导致泄漏。通过断面形貌观察、能谱及金相分析发现,法兰钎焊焊缝界面处生成了10~20μm厚的Al-Fe金属间化合物层,分析认为焊缝发生开裂的原因是焊接过程中焊缝界面处反应过度生成了较厚的脆性金属间化合物层,焊接接头偏脆因而试验过程中在试验载荷作用下发生脆性开裂。     

New findings and appraisal of structural control on polygonal impact crater rim-geometry,a study from Mare Fecunditatis,Moon

Polygonal Impact Craters (PICs), having a distinct polygonal rim geometry, are common on terrestrial planets, their natural satellites such as Earth’s Moon and the asteroids. The straight segments of PIC-rims are arguably subparallel or oblique to existing fracture/fault planes in their vicinity, and such pre-existing structural weak planes are considered responsible for the shape of the PICs. The Mare Fecunditatis, a lunar maria, preserves mappable PICs as well as different geomorphic features like wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains which owe their origin to either compressional or extensional faulting. To understand the structural control, if any, on the PIC-rim geometry in Mare Fecunditatis, PICs, both simple and complex, and the deformational features are mapped, superposition relations between them are observed and trends are compared. The comparison between frequency of rim segment trends of the two types of PICs with wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains, and also statistical correlation between them, interestingly indicate that the wrinkle ridges and grabens are found to have negligible or no influence on the rim geometry of the PICs. Wrinkle ridges, known to be a group of the Mare Fecunditatis' oldest deformation features, are older than most of the preserved craters and are likely to have had control over the PIC shape. However, lack of correlation between the trends of wrinkle ridges and PIC rims indicates that most of the craters were formed after the fractures beneath the old wrinkle ridges ceased to act as mechanical discontinuity planes due to possible induration caused by fracture-filling through concomitant and later magma injection. The PICs dispersed throughout the maria could have avoided the influence of the grabens, the majority of which are located near the margin of the maria. Pit crater chains with possible deep roots and still/recently continued dike activities, were the only available weak planes which could influence the PIC rim shapes.     

复合材料气瓶铝合金内衬泄漏失效分析北大核心CSCD

复合材料气瓶在自紧过程中发生泄漏。通过断口、金相、有限元分析及综合分析得出:气瓶瓶嘴根部各向异性的粗晶组织降低了气瓶瓶嘴根部的韧、塑性和强度是气瓶内衬自紧过程中发生低压力开裂泄漏的主要原因,通过改进和控制收口加热与旋压工艺,细化了气瓶瓶嘴根部的组织,最终解决了其自紧过程中泄漏问题,稳定复合材料气瓶的质量。     

风机叶片断裂原因分析

叶片在安装试运行过程中发生断裂,断裂位置位于叶根附近,通过对故障件的观察、测试与分析,确定了叶片发生低周疲劳断裂的原因是由于生产过程中工艺控制不良,叶片根部局部区域树脂固化不完全,导致该区域的强度、刚度极低,当受到疲劳载荷作用时在结构应力集中区域首先发生分层开裂、扩展直至最终失稳断裂。同时指出固化不完全的原因。     

起圈织物泡沫夹芯复合材料Ⅰ/Ⅱ型断裂韧性研究

夹芯复合材料在受到弯曲、剪切和冲击等载荷作用下易发生脱层损伤。脱层损伤程度与Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性密切相关。起圈织物由于在其厚度方向引入环状纤维束，增强了与芯层的结合能力，使其在抗分层方面性能优良。本文主要研究起圈织物泡沫夹芯复合材料的Ⅰ/Ⅱ型界面断裂韧性。根据试验标准分别制作了平纹织物泡沫夹芯复合材料和起圈织物泡沫夹芯复合材料。采用双悬臂梁试验（Double cantilever beam, DCB）和末端缺口挠曲试验（End notch flexure, ENF）对上述试验件的增韧机理进行了研究。研究表明，环状纤维束的引入大大提高了界面性能。起圈结构相较于平纹结构的Ⅰ型断裂韧性GⅠC提高了434%，Ⅱ型断裂韧性GⅡC提高了400%。通过建立有限元模型，采用内聚力模型来描述裂纹的扩展，数值结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料铣削加工表面质量北大核心CSCD

使用PCD立式铣刀对聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料开展单因素铣削试验,通过对加工中产生的切削力和加工后的表面粗糙度进行测量,分析了铣削工艺参数对其的影响;对加工表面、纤维断口进行SEM分析,讨论了SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料加工表面的形成。研究结果表明,表面粗糙度与切削力的变化趋势相同,高主轴转速和小切削宽度有利于得到表面粗糙度较小的加工表面;近孔洞区域与远离孔洞区域的材料去除方式不同;材料中纤维发生面内偏移和层间屈曲,纤维存在多种去除方式。     

Macro-phenomenological high-strain-rate elastic fracture model for ice-impact simulations

The ice impact can cause a severe damage to an aircraft’s exposed structure, thus, requiring its prevention. The numerical simulation represents an effective method to overcome this challenge. The establishment of the ice material model is critical. However, ice is not a common structural material and exhibits an extremely complex material behavior. The material models of ice reported so far are not able to accurately simulate the ice behavior at high strain rates. This study proposes a novel high-precision macro-phenomenological elastic fracture model based on the brittle behavior of ice at high strain rates. The developed model has been compared with five reported models by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method so as to simulate the ice-impact process with respect to the impact speeds and ice shapes. The important metrics and phenomena (impact force history, deformation and fragmentation of the ice projectile and deflection of the target) were compared with the experimental data reported in the literature. The findings obtained from the developed model are observed to be most consistent with the experimental data, which demonstrates that the model represents the basic physics and phenomena governing the ice impact at high strain rates. The developed model includes a relatively fewer number of material parameters. Further, the used parameters have a clear physical meaning and can be directly obtained through experiments. Moreover, no adjustment of any material parameter is needed, and the consumption duration is also acceptable. These advantages indicate that the developed model is suitable for simulating the ice-impact process and can be applied for the anti-ice impact design in aviation.