航空发动机中气液两相流的可视化检测

针对电阻抗断层成像(EIT)技术中FCM聚类算法的灵敏度系数信息缺失以及测量电压的利用率低两方面问题,提出一种新的成像算法。在该算法中引入灵敏度系数矩阵信息修正各个剖分单元的电压。同时提出了将测量电压数据按照其权系数进行处理的方法,该方法可应用于所有EIT经典反演算法之中。理论和数值仿真结果均表明,与已有的FCM聚类算法相比,优化后算法对两相流型的定位准确度更高,得到的重建图像的空间分辨率与之前相比相对误差降低了5%~15%,相关系数提高了5%~20%。     

CT图像重建的迭代算法

随着计算机运算速度的飞速发展,以前只是被看成一种研究方法的迭代算法在图像重建中越来越引起人们的重视,并且已经在科研、工业和医学领域中得到了实际应用.本论文从CT图像重建原理入手,根据迭代重建的物理意义,从投影模型出发,得到投影数据,然后利用迭代算法MART及SIRT重建出断层图像,再与模型相比较,从而确定各算法的优劣,总结出如何选择合适的图像重建算法.     

工业CT大视场扫描成像方法研究

工业CT二代扫描方式扫描视场大，但扫描时间长；三代扫描方式扫描时间短，但扫描视场小。为解决较大尺寸构件ICT快速检测问题，讨论了一种基于三代扫描的大视场扫描方式，推导了它的FBP重构算法。计算机模拟和实验结果证明了该算法的正确性。分析表明，其有效扫描视野在三代的1．9倍以上。     

固体火箭发动机无损检测图像质量研究

详细介绍了利用工业CT进行固体火箭发动机无损检测中，提高图像质量方面的几点尝试－光轴对准、提高系统的信噪比、提高探测器效率、采用合适的硬滤手段和选用适当的图像滤波函数。给出了测试数据和处理前后的图像比较。上述几点尝度收到了较好的处理效果。     

工业CT半扫描成像技术

工业CT即ICT(Industrial Computed Tomography)采用三代扫描方式对构件进行快速检测.但受探测器长度的限制,三代的扫描视场小,可检构件的尺寸受到限制.为解决较大尺寸构件ICT快速检测问题,讨论了一种工业CT半扫描成像技术,推导了其滤波反投影FBP(Filter Back-Projection)重构算法.该算法首先利用扇束三代CT重排原理,将半扫描形成的扇束投影数据修正为360°内不完备的平行束数据;然后利用平行束对称性,生成180°内完备的平行束数据;最后利用平行束重建算法实施重建.计算机模拟和实验结果证明了该技术的正确性.分析表明,其有效扫描视野比三代提高0.8倍以上.     

Spaceflight-relevant types of ionizing radiation and cortical bone: Potential LET effect?

Extended exposure to microgravity conditions results in significant bone loss. Coupled with radiation exposure, this phenomenon may place astronauts at a greater risk for mission-critical fractures. In a previous study, we identified a profound and prolonged loss of trabecular bone (29–39%) in mice following exposure to an acute, 2 Gy dose of radiation simulating both solar and cosmic sources. However, because skeletal strength depends on trabecular and cortical bone, accurate assessment of strength requires analysis of both bone compartments. The objective of the present study was to examine various properties of cortical bone in mice following exposure to multiple types of spaceflight-relevant radiation. Nine-week old, female C57BL/6 mice were sacrificed 110 days after exposure to a single, whole body, 2 Gy dose of gamma, proton, carbon, or iron radiation. Femora were evaluated with biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography, quantitative histomorphometry, percent mineral content, and micro-hardness analysis. Compared to non-irradiated controls, there were significant differences compared to carbon or iron radiation for only fracture force, medullary area and mineral content. A greater differential effect based on linear energy transfer (LET) level may be present: high-LET (carbon or iron) particle irradiation was associated with a decline in structural properties (maximum force, fracture force, medullary area, and cortical porosity) and mineral composition compared to low-LET radiation (gamma and proton). Bone loss following irradiation appears to be largely specific to trabecular bone and may indicate unique biological microenvironments and microdosimetry conditions. However, the limited time points examined and non-haversian skeletal structure of the mice employed highlight the need for further investigation.     

Proposal for ionospheric tomography technique using a new HF radio source

Measurements of the line integral of the electron density along satellite-to-ground ray paths (i.e. TEC) using differential phase or Doppler of two coherent VHF/UHF signals transmitted from NNSS or GPS satellite networks have been used in the ionospheric tomography for mapping large-scale ionospheric images over region of interest. In this paper, we present theoretical studies of using a new signal source HF frequency in tomographic imaging. The initial phase problem inherent in the phase measurement can be eliminated by measuring Faraday rotations. Relative rotation on two adjacent HF frequencies is used to solve the ambiguity problem. A second-order approximation of the Faraday rotation incorporated with ray-tracing technique improves the reconstruction degradation due to ionospheric refractions. CASSIOPE is a multi-purpose small satellite that receives HF signals from ground radar facilities and it is scheduled for launch in early 2008. Simulations have demonstrated the potential applications of the ionospheric tomography in CASSIOPE/e-POP satellite experiment.     

高速聚焦纹影改进及应用

聚焦纹影技术能对垂直于光轴的特定平面内的流场细节进行显示,该特点使其成为近年来被重新研究的流场显示技术之一。本文在综合考虑了锐聚焦深度、非锐聚焦深度、灵敏度和清晰度等指标情况下,结合风洞实际情况,研制了一套聚焦纹影装置。主要在均匀照明流场、切割光栅的制作和不通过成像屏的高速相机直接记录等方面进行了改进工作,得到了较好的显示结果,并在小激波风洞上进行了相关的验证工作。同时,对采用聚焦纹影显示高速变化的流场也进行了探索,提出了相关的建议。     

基于正弦图的计算机断层图像配准

为了解决工业X射线无损检测中图像配准的问题,以计算机断层(CT,Computerized Tomography)图像中物体的位置变化与采集的投影数据之间的理论关系为基础,提出了基于正弦图的CT图像配准算法.该算法结合实际的投影采集系统对投影信号进行预处理,并利用投影信号的相关性寻找物体的位置变化,可以解决二维平行束和扇束投影采集方式下物体二维刚性变换的配准问题.由于提出的算法是在重建之前的投影域内进行,因此相比传统的图像域内的配准算法适用性更高,尤其当投影数据不足、质量不高、噪声较大、重建图像有严重的伪影时,该方法更加有效可靠.对某一封装零件的配准结果证明了算法的可行性.      

低仰角射线对电离层CT成像的影响分析

电离层层析成像(Computerized Tomography, CT)是一个有限视角问题, 水平射线的缺失造成CT结果垂直分辨率的严重下降. 很多人直观地认为低仰角射线可以弥补水平射线的缺失, 然而本文的理论分析和数值模拟研究结果表明, 低仰角射线对CT结果的影响十分微小, 其无法弥补水平射线缺失所带来的垂直分辨率的下降. 模拟结果显示, 增加低仰角射线前后CT反演结果几乎没有变化; 而去掉680条低仰角射线和高仰角射线后, CT反演结果差别巨大; 去掉680条低仰角射线的CT结果与模型吻合很好; 去掉680条高仰角射线的CT反演结果失真严重, 几乎无法恢复模型的扰动特征.