逆向喷流对双锥导弹外形减阻特性的影响

逆向喷流是一种主动流动控制技术，具有减阻降热特性，可用于高超声速飞行器设计。以典型双锥导弹外形的球头、单锥、双锥（全弹）为研究对象，将喷流发生器和弹体固连，采用CFD方法对逆向喷流的减阻特性进行了数值研究，对比分析了喷流马赫数、喷流压比等参数对不同对象减阻效果的影响。结果表明：逆向喷流流场存在长、短射流穿透两种模态；球头在小压比长射流模态时的减阻效果最佳；单锥和双锥在大压比短射流模态时的减阻效果更好。存在一个最佳压比，使得逆向喷流的减阻效果最佳；喷流压力过大，减阻效果变差，甚至出现阻力系数不降反增情形。逆向喷流减阻效果对控制体选取敏感，若将逆向喷流对头部的减阻特性（超过40%）直接推广至飞行器整机（6%左右），评估结果过于乐观。综合最佳减阻效果、最佳喷流压比、流量与所需储气瓶体积等影响因素，工程应用时逆向喷流应优先选用声速喷流。     

Decentralized differential drag based control of nanosatellites swarm spatial distribution using magnetorquers

Nanosatellites in the swarm initially move along arbitrary unbounded relative trajectories according to the launch initial conditions. Control algorithms developed in the paper are aimed to achieve the required spatial distribution of satellites in the along-track direction. The paper considers a swarm of 3U CubeSats in LEO, their form-factor is suitable for the aerodynamic control since the ratio of the satellite maximum to minimum cross-section areas is 3. Each satellite is provided with the information about the relative motion of neighboring satellites inside a specified communication area. The paper develops the corresponding decentralized control algorithms using the differential drag force. The required attitude control for each satellite is implemented by the active magnetic attitude control system. A set of decentralized control strategies is proposed taking into account the communicational constraints. The performance of these strategies is studied numerically. The swarm separation effect is demonstrated and investigated.     

Analysis of the orbit lifetime of CubeSats in low Earth orbits including periodic variation in drag due to attitude motion

It is estimated that more than 22,300 human-made objects are in orbit around the Earth, with a total mass above 8,400,000 kg. Around 89% of these objects are non-operational and without control, which makes them to be considered orbital debris. These numbers consider only objects with dimensions larger than 10 cm. Besides those numbers, there are also about 2000 operational satellites in orbit nowadays. The space debris represents a hazard to operational satellites and to the space operations. A major concern is that this number is growing, due to new launches and particles generated by collisions. Another important point is that the development of CubeSats has increased exponentially in the last years, increasing the number of objects in space, mainly in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Due to the short operational time, CubeSats boost the debris population. One of the requirements for space debris mitigation in LEO is the limitation of the orbital lifetime of the satellites, which needs to be lower than 25 years. However, there are space debris with longer estimated decay time. In LEÓs, the influence of the atmospheric drag is the main orbital perturbation, and is used in maneuvers to increment the losses in the satellite orbital energy, to locate satellites in constellations and to accelerate the decay.The goal of the present research is to study the influence of aerodynamic rotational maneuver in the CubeSat?s orbital lifetime. The rotational axis is orthogonal to the orbital plane of the CubeSat, which generates variations in the ballistic coefficient along the trajectory. The maneuver is proposed to accelerate the decay and to mitigate orbital debris generated by non-operational CubeSats. The panel method is selected to determine the drag coefficient as a function of the flow incident angle and the spinning rate. The pressure distribution is integrated from the satellite faces at hypersonic rarefied flow to calculate the drag coefficient. The mathematical model considers the gravitational potential of the Earth and the deceleration due to drag. To analyze the effects of the rotation during the decay, multiple trajectories were propagated, comparing the results obtained assuming a constant drag coefficient with trajectories where the drag coefficient changes periodically. The initial perigees selected were lower than 400 km of altitude with eccentricities ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Six values for the angular velocity were applied in the maneuver. The technique of rotating the spacecraft is an interesting solution to increase the orbit decay of a CubeSat without implementing additional de-orbit devices. Significant changes in the decay time are presented due to the increase of the mean drag coefficient calculated by the panel method, when the maneuver is applied, reducing the orbital lifetime, however the results are independent of the angular velocity of the satellite.     

变体翼梢小翼的减阻机理数值模拟

总结了对翼梢小翼减阻效果影响最大的几何参数,在此基础上采用数值模拟方法研究了这些几何参数的最佳变化范围,为变体翼梢小翼设计提供理论依据.并从气动性能、气动载荷分布和翼尖涡的角度探讨了变体翼梢小翼相对传统翼梢小翼的优缺点.结果表明:在飞机的起飞阶段,变体翼梢小翼的减阻效率比传统翼梢小翼高2.2%,同时将翼尖涡强度降低了15%,有利于提高飞机的燃油效率和机场空域安全;但也会增大机翼的翼根弯矩,因此必须权衡变体翼梢小翼带来的气动收益与结构强度不利因素.     

面积律设计概念与工程应用

介绍了面积律概念及相应的计算方法。指出按照近于Sears-Haack面积分布的当量旋成体设计的飞机组合体可以实现跨、超音速最小波阻。描述了面积律的工程应用，涉及设计步骤、目标面积分布控制以及“局部”面积律在高亚音速飞机上的应用等工程设计问题。     

稀颗粒群双流体模型应用于底部排气弹减阻性能研究

依据稀颗粒群假定下的双流体简化模型，采用NND和Mac Cormack方法，本文对底部排气弹底减阻性能进行了研究。分析了非平衡气－粒两相流中颗粒相浓度变化对底排弹减阻性能的影响。和实验比较，稀颗粒群条件下的数值研究更接近实际结果。     

飞翼布局组合舵面航向控制特性综合研究

寻求高效实用的航向控制措施一直是飞翼布局飞行器设计的难点。提出了一种由外翼上翼面嵌入式阻力舵和其相对应的后缘副翼组成的组合舵航向控制措施,通过CFD方法、风洞试验和模型飞行试验3种研究手段,综合研究了单独部件和组合舵在低速、亚声速时的航向控制特性。结果表明：单独阻力舵的航向控制能力比较强,但与纵横向力矩耦合严重,需与其他舵组合使用;单独副翼的航向控制能力很弱,且与纵横向力矩耦合非常严重,建议不单独作为航向控制措施使用;组合舵的航向控制能力强,选取阻力舵与副翼的舵偏角角度差在0°~5°范围的组合舵方案,可以大幅度削弱与纵横向的力矩耦合程度,实现操纵舵面解耦设计;无论单独部件,还是组合舵,舵偏角为0°~6°范围的力矩变化规律较差,建议通过预置舵偏角等方式避开此角度区域。     

壁面带微结构管道内Cassie状态稳定性的实验研究

保持液体在微结构表面处于Cassie状态,是流动减阻的关键。首先利用MicroPTV分别测量了带微结构侧壁处于Cassie和Wenzel状态下的流场速度,表明Cassie状态下近壁速度提高至光滑表面的1.6倍,而Wenzel状态下近壁速度将减小。通过精细控制微管道的驱动压强,观察了液体在近壁由Cassie向Wenzel状态的转变,并测出C/W转变的临界压强值Δpcr约10.9kPa,与Laplace理论预测值10.15kPa基本相符。考虑到Cassie状态失稳也会发生在液体进样过程中,实验还观察了微结构角点对液体进样的＂锚定＂作用,并初步分析了液体进样中自由液面在微结构表面保持Cassie状态的条件。     

火箭冲压组合动力系统特征点推阻特性初探

推阻力是火箭冲压组合动力系统的重要特性,研究推阻特性及影响因素对动力系统研发极为重要.对模型动力系统在高空高速点下的推阻力进行了仿真和试验研究,获得了动力系统在火箭发动机模态、火箭/冲压发动机模态及冲压模态、不同余气系数下的推阻力.结果表明:所研究的模型在火箭发动机模态下,火箭发动机推力室在动力系统内产生的推力大于火箭发动机的设计推力;火箭/冲压发动机共同工作条件下,推力大于火箭发动机设计推力与同一余气系数冲压发动机模态推力之和;冲压模态下,动力系统的推力随余气系数减小而增大;理论计算与试验结果相符.     

探月返回器跳跃式再入过载抑制算法研究

针对小升阻比探月返回器大航程、跳跃式再入的特点,采用了新的过载约束条件,并在此基础上对过载抑制问题进行了描述。然后对跳跃式再入过程中影响开普勒段航程的因素进行了分析,将气动升力在地球矢径方向的分量等效为万有引力的小扰动力,推导得出了与预测校正制导律相结合的过载抑制算法。最后通过仿真校验了该算法在不影响返回器着陆精度的前提下有效实现了过载抑制,各种偏差情况下的蒙特卡洛仿真也体现了该算法的实用性及鲁棒性。