一类月面钻进采样机构的鲁棒控制

在月面复杂环境下采样机构模型会发生摄动,并会受到系统扰动影响,采样控制器的鲁棒性对顺利完成采样任务具有重要意义.针对回转与进尺复合式月面自动钻进采样机构建立名义控制模型,分析月面工作过程中的模型摄动、系统扰动下的控制系统模型,利用线性矩阵不等式方法进行状态反馈鲁棒控制律设计.仿真结果表明:在有界模型摄动、有界随机系统扰动情况下,系统具有鲁棒性,并对扰动具有抑制能力.     

大型控制力矩陀螺动力学精细建模与仿真

控制力矩陀螺（CMG,control moment gyro）系统存在多种误差与扰动,影响航天器的姿态控制精度.分析了大型单框架控制力矩陀螺（SGCMG,single gimbal control moment gyro）各主要组成部分的特性、误差及扰动,包括转子动静不平衡、转子轴的安装误差、轴承摩擦、转子电机特性、框架电机特性和谐波减速器特性.通过建立大型SGCMG的动力学精细模型并进行数学仿真,得到了大型SGCMG主要误差与扰动对其输出力矩的影响：在框架伺服系统加装谐波齿轮减速机构可以明显提高SGCMG输出力矩精度,同时也给框架带来高频谐振;转子动不平衡造成的扰动力矩是导致SGCMG在其力矩输出轴和框架轴方向产生输出力矩偏差的主要原因.     

Mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission

This paper provides a detailed mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission. The pole-sitter concept was previously introduced as a solution to the poor temporal resolution of polar observations from highly inclined, low Earth orbits and the poor high-latitude coverage from geostationary orbit. It considers a spacecraft that is continuously above either the north or south pole and, as such, can provide real-time, continuous and hemispherical coverage of the polar regions. Being on a non-Keplerian orbit, a continuous thrust is required to maintain the pole-sitter position. For this, two different propulsion strategies are proposed, which result in a near-term pole-sitter mission using solar electric propulsion (SEP) and a far-term pole-sitter mission where the SEP thruster is hybridized with a solar sail. For both propulsion strategies, minimum propellant pole-sitter orbits are designed. In order to maximize the spacecraft mass at the start of the operations phase of the mission, the transfer from Earth to the pole-sitter orbit is designed and optimized assuming either a Soyuz or an Ariane 5 launch. The maximized mass upon injection into the pole-sitter orbit is subsequently used in a detailed mass budget analysis that will allow for a trade-off between mission lifetime and payload mass capacity. Also, candidate payloads for a range of applications are investigated. Finally, transfers between north and south pole-sitter orbits are considered to overcome the limitations in observations due to the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis that causes the poles to be alternately situated in darkness. It will be shown that in some cases these transfers allow for propellant savings, enabling a further extension of the pole-sitter mission.     

航天器姿态敏感器的太阳干扰范围计算方法

在轨航天器姿态敏感器数据发生跳变是由于故障原因还是受太阳干扰影响,通常需要在收到遥测数据后方能确定,存在不直观、不及时等问题。为此,提出了一种简单直观的航天器姿态敏感器受太阳干扰范围的计算方法,该方法仅依赖于太阳高度角和方位角两个变量,由于这两个变量仅与航天器轨道和太阳方位有关,具有特定的变化规律,因此可对姿态敏感器受太阳干扰的范围进行预先估算。该方法可为在轨航天器姿态敏感器数据变化和故障分析提供手段,也可为航天器姿态控制系统的设计、姿态敏感器的配置与安装提供帮助。对于某些敏感器来说,还可以进一步验证其在轨对阳光的抑制能力。仿真验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于自抗扰的运载火箭主动减载控制技术

针对运载火箭穿越大风区的减载控制技术进行研究,首先对攻角反馈和加表反馈2种减载技术进行理论研究和仿真分析,得出2种方案对火箭减载都存在一定的局限性。因此引入自抗扰控制器(ADRC)技术并针对飞行减载控制对其进行改进,一方面通过状态观测器将误差补偿引入自抗扰回路;另一方面改进了自抗扰控制器中的控制律,并推导证明了新的控制律下自抗扰控制器抑制风载干扰的能力,给出了控制方程中增益的选择方法。最后以某型液体运载火箭为例在考虑其弹性振动和液体晃动条件下对比了几种方案的减载效果,仿真结果表明改进后的自抗扰控制器使飞控系统抗干扰能力增强,增大了控制律中增益选择范围,有效提高了运载火箭的减载效果,具有很强的工程应用价值。      

导引头隔离度对开关控制制导回路稳定性的影响

为研究导引头隔离度寄生回路对开关控制制导回路稳定性的影响,首先应用回路等价变换原理统一了动力陀螺式和速率陀螺式导引头模型;然后,为分析开关系统稳定性,建立了含有隔离度寄生回路的开关控制制导回路等效Lure’模型;对比得出描述函数法在系统稳定保守性和稳定性趋势预测方面优于Popov稳定性理论和仿真方法,因此提出应用描述函数法对寄生回路稳定性进行分析。分析了在不同飞行器参数和调制器参数下导线和摩擦干扰力矩对寄生回路稳定域的影响。进一步,针对不稳定寄生回路提出了采用滞后校正网络来改善系统稳定性,改善后的制导回路仿真结果表明在外界干扰作用下,回路中不会再出现极限环,避免了脉冲喷管的“正反开”;飞行器机动跟踪目标时,保证制导精度基本不变的情况下,节省了燃料。     

一种拦截机动目标的多导弹协同制导律

针对多导弹协同拦截一个机动目标问题,基于有限时间一致性理论提出了一种带有攻击角约束的多导弹协同制导律。首先建立了带有攻击角约束的多导弹协同制导模型。其次,把协同制导律的设计过程分离为两个部分：一是基于有限时间一致性,同时结合积分滑模和自适应控制设计沿着视线方向上的加速度指令,保证所有的导弹能够在有限时间内同时拦截机动目标;二是利用非齐次干扰观测器并运用滑模控制设计视线法向上的加速度指令来保证每枚导弹与目标间的视线角速率收敛到零和视线角收敛到期望的视线角。最后,对三枚导弹同时打击同一机动目标的情况进行仿真,仿真结果表明该设计的带有攻击角约束的协同制导律的有效性和正确性。     

基于IGRF地磁场模型的航天器地磁干扰力矩数值仿真

航天器长期在轨运行期间,空间磁场与其自身磁矩相互作用的累积,会对航天器的姿态造成较大影响,加重姿态控制系统负担,降低航天器的可靠性。文章分别针对航天器轨道计算及地磁场模型的使用,对航天器地磁干扰力矩数值的仿真进行了系统的研究,最终得到航天器在轨运行时地磁干扰力矩计算仿真方法。     

转动载荷对卫星姿态的影响与控制研究

研究带有转动载荷和挠性附件的卫星姿态控制问题.基于具有广义坐标形式的牛顿 欧拉方法建立了卫星姿态动力学模型和转动载荷力矩模型,研究载荷产生的动不平衡力矩和静不平衡力矩的机理和特点.分析载荷干扰对卫星姿态的影响特性,给出基于传递函数进行拉氏变换以估算姿态抖动量的方法.分析卫星姿态控制系统设计干扰补偿控制器的条件,给出了控制器的工程设计方法.验证结果表明该方法有效且能提高卫星姿态精度.     

Experiments of effects of inlet-air distortion on aerodynamic performance in transonic compressor

The inlet-air distortion which was caused by high angle-of-attack flight was simulated by plugboard.Experiments were conducted on a transonic axial-flow compressor's rotor at 98% rotating speed.The flow-field characteristics and mechanism of performance degradation were analyzed in detail.The compressor inlet was divided into four sectors at circumference under inlet-air distortion.They were undistorted sector,transition sector A where the rotor was rotating into the distortion sector,distorted sector and transition sector B where the rotor was rotating out of the distortion sector.The experimental results show that compared with undistorted sector,there is a subsonic flow in transition sector A,so the pressure ratio is decreased by a large margin in this sector.However, the shock wave is enhanced in distortion sector and transition sector B, and thus the pressure ratio increases in these sectors.Because of the different works at circumference,the phase angle of total pressure changes 90° when the inlet total pressure distortion passes through compressor rotor.In addition,the frequency and amplitude of disturbances in front of the rotor strengthenes under inlet distortion,so the unstable flow would take place in advance.In addition, the position of stall inception is in one of the transition sectors.