翼伞归航准则及测风原理探讨

翼伞作为一种新型气动力减速器日渐受到空间回收技术重视。文中给出了具有非比例自动归航控制的翼伞系统的归航准则(考虑到风的影响)以及利用GPS测量数据计算风场的公式。     

Sq（Y）的季节变化和场向电流

本文对中国东部地磁台站链地磁静日变化东向分量进行了分析,有结果表明,在冬、夏季清晨,南北半球之间存在着电离层发电机驱动的场向电流,其方向是从夏季半球到冬季半球;在黄昏,也可能存在方向相反的电流。     

旋翼飞机地形跟踪操纵预测引导指示信号综合

从提高驾驶员操纵控制飞机的跟随性能和减轻驾驶员的操纵负担出发,提出了预测引导指示信号综合的结构和实现方法,其特点是驾驶员能够只需采取增益加延时的操纵控制特性,在预测决策操纵指示的引导下完成高性能的飞机跟踪控制任务.通过旋翼飞机变空速地形跟踪任务的指示信号综合研究,提出了由空速控制回路耦合干扰观测器的设计消除其对驾驶员高度控制影响的方法.     

利用射电天文观测数据确定电离层行扰速度的新方法

当米波射电望远镜的观测视场内，有三个以上的射电源时，考虑天线跟踪的影响，提出了一种确定电离层行波扰动水平速度的新方法，并给出计算实例，讨论了误差。     

基于伪距和观测量的地球同步卫星动力学定轨研究

利用伪距和观测量对同步卫星进行了动力学定轨的研究，给出了伪距和观测量的测量方程和修正方法，采用国内4个监测站的模拟数据进行了仿真计算．结果表明，采用7天弧长伪距和数据进行轨道改进及轨道外推的精度，与5天弧长数据的计算结果相当，但远优于3天数据的计算结果．在观测随机误差为3m时，7天弧长数据定轨精度约为5m，预报7天径向精度优于20m．     

A Space Debris Primer for Astronomers

In this journal, 'space debris' usually carries implications of aerospace activities, but it was not always thus. Humankind has been concerned with sky debris (often not knowing it was that) since eyes were turned skyward. Before space exploration began, astronomers specialized in comet tails, asteroids, meteorites, aurorae and zodiacal light. It was inevitable that they stay near the forefront of the new space technologies, even before Explorer I explained the aurorae. Now, the emphasis is on manmade debris, for the simple reason that an astronomical experiment proved that to be the preponderant component of the total debris environment. We present here a review survey of the total near-Earth debris complex, artificial and cosmic. Our goal is three-fold: (1) To detail to both astronomers and spaceflight specialists the long and heavy astronomical activity, (2) to give an overview of what has been and is being done, and (3) to suggest some possible directions for the future.     

The GFZ real-time GNSS precise positioning service system and its adaption for COMPASS

Motivated by the IGS real-time Pilot Project, GFZ has been developing its own real-time precise positioning service for various applications. An operational system at GFZ is now broadcasting real-time orbits, clocks, global ionospheric model, uncalibrated phase delays and regional atmospheric corrections for standard PPP, PPP with ambiguity fixing, single-frequency PPP and regional augmented PPP. To avoid developing various algorithms for different applications, we proposed a uniform algorithm and implemented it into our real-time software. In the new processing scheme, we employed un-differenced raw observations with atmospheric delays as parameters, which are properly constrained by real-time derived global ionospheric model or regional atmospheric corrections and by the empirical characteristics of the atmospheric delay variation in time and space. The positioning performance in terms of convergence time and ambiguity fixing depends mainly on the quality of the received atmospheric information and the spatial and temporal constraints. The un-differenced raw observation model can not only integrate PPP and NRTK into a seamless positioning service, but also syncretize these two techniques into a unique model and algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for both dual-frequency and sing-frequency receivers. Based on the real-time data streams from IGS, EUREF and SAPOS reference networks, we can provide services of global precise point positioning (PPP) with 5–10 cm accuracy, PPP with ambiguity-fixing of 2–5 cm accuracy, PPP using single-frequency receiver with accuracy of better than 50 cm and PPP with regional augmentation for instantaneous ambiguity resolution of 1–3 cm accuracy. We adapted the system for current COMPASS to provide PPP service. COMPASS observations from a regional network of nine stations are used for precise orbit determination and clock estimation in simulated real-time mode, the orbit and clock products are applied for real-time precise point positioning. The simulated real-time PPP service confirms that real-time positioning services of accuracy at dm-level and even cm-level is achievable with COMPASS only.     

人工智能在卫星任务规划中的应用

智能规划与调度是实现卫星自主规划其飞行任务的关键。将人工智能方法应用于卫星的任务规划,以执行对地观测任务为例,将任务规划问题归于组合优化问题,建立了相应的数学模型,并应用Hopfield神经网络算法进行求解,结果表明,该方法可用于单个仪器的任务规划。     

双轴卫星天线扰动特性建模、仿真及试验

卫星天线微振动是影响卫星姿态控制精度的重要因素,卫星天线扰动建模的目的是掌握其扰动规律,进而采取相应的控制方法和隔离技术.综合考虑卫星天线扰动源步进电机的扰动力以及天线结构固有模态对星体的扰动影响,建立了卫星天线机构机电一体系统对星体扰动力的数学模型.通过仿真计算,设计试验测试卫星天线扰动力,比较仿真结果和试验结果,对所建模型进行验证.比较结果表明:建立的天线扰动模型准确可靠,对卫星指向控制精度和稳定性的影响提供了借鉴和参考.      

Variations of Thermosphere Density Based on Joint Analysis of In-Situ Measurement Data From Shenzhou Spacecrafts

Based on the measurements made by Atmospheric Density Detectors (ADDs) onboard Chinese spacecraft Shenzhou 2-4, the variations of thermosphere density are revealed. During the quiet period, the density at spacecraft altitude of 330～410km exhibited a dominant diurnal variation, with high value on dayside and low value on nightside. The ratio of the diurnal maximum density to the minimum ranged from 1.7 to 2.0. The ratio shows a positive correlation with the level of solar activity and a negative correlation with the level of geomagnetic activity. When a geomagnetic disturbance comes, the atmospheric density at the altitude of 330～410km displayed a global enhancement. For a strong geomagnetic disturbance, the atmospheric density increased by about 56%, and reached its maximum about 6～7 hours after the geomagnetic disturbance peak. The density asymmetry was also observed both in the southern and northern hemisphere during the geomagnetic disturbance peak.