Research of Compound Controller for Flight Simulator with Disturbance Observer

A compound controller is proposed to alleviate the considerable chattering in output of zero phase error tracking controller (ZPETC), when the flight simulator losses command data of simulation signal. Besides, the shortcomings, caused by conventional differential methods in retrieving velocity and acceleration signals, are avoided to a certain extent. The compound controller based on disturbance observer (DOB) is composed of a feed-forward controller and a feedback controller. It estimates velocity and acceleration of unknown tracking signal, and also velocity response with an approximate method for differential. The experiments on a single-axis flight simulator show that the proposed method has strong robustness against parameter perturbations and external disturbances, owing to the introduced DOB. Compared with the scheme with ZPETC, the proposed scheme possesses more simple design and better tracking performance. Moreover, it is less sensitive to position command distortion of flight simulator.     

地线设计在PCB电磁兼容性中的作用

简介了电磁兼容性(EMC)的基本概念,并结合某项目实际应用,说明地线设计的一点改变即可在PCB电磁兼容方面起到重要作用.     

USB观测数据时标偏差影响分析与评估

USB系统是目前中国载人航天和月球探测任务的主要测控网.由于USB测量设备本身以及无线电信号传播媒介以及其他误差因素的影响,USB测量数据中包含了各种误差,需要在定轨时对观测数据进行误差修正.通常,例行的USB测量误差修正包括对流层折射修正、电离层延迟修正和通道延迟修正,但对定轨过程中可能影响观测数据计算精度的时标偏差并未作修正.针对USB测距测速观测数据,详细研究了观测数据时标偏差对观测值计算精度的影响,分析了误差影响特性,建立了相应的误差修正模型,并通过与卫星星历偏差对USB测距测速观测值计算精度影响特征的比较,发现时标偏差对测量的影响与轨道沿迹误差对观测计算值的影响等效,这使得在定轨过程中分离时标偏差的难度较大.提出了基于星载GPS定位数据分离时标偏差的方法,并利用某次任务的实测数据,分离出了该次任务中USB测量的时标偏差.最后针对目前USB数据时标偏差影响和观测误差量级相当的情况,建议将目前的观测时标精度提高到优于0.1ms的水平,使得时标偏差的影响降低到比观测误差小一个量级的水平.     

基于自抗扰控制的机翼受损飞机姿态控制器设计

飞机结构受损会导致飞机质量、重心和气动特性发生突变、对称性破坏以及较强的运动耦合,严重影响飞行安全.以机翼受损飞机为研究对象,采用质量微元法建立重心偏移飞机的动力学模型,分析其动态特性,并设计了基于自抗扰控制的姿态控制器.仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制器表现出良好的控制性能,针对突然受损情况设计的控制器具有较强的鲁棒性,能实时补偿结构受损引起的干扰力矩,快速准确地跟踪控制指令.     

微型导弹蒙特卡洛打靶仿真研究

导弹在实际作战飞行中,由于环境因素和系统误差的影响,其姿态和弹道的参数与理想弹道的参数存在偏差.对一种微型导弹在飞行中受到的多种随机干扰因素进行分析,给出了各种干扰因素的处理方法,建立了导弹六自由度弹道蒙特卡洛打靶仿真模型.通过蒙特卡洛计算机打靶仿真,对导弹的命中精度进行研究,验证了仿真模型的准确性和仿真方法的有效性.     

整体叶盘高效强力复合铣A轴高精度控制技术研究

A轴单元作为五轴数控机床的关键功能部件,其控制精度直接影响整体叶盘的加工精度和表面质量.针对摩擦、齿隙、参数摄动和测量噪声等非线性干扰对A轴伺服系统控制精度的影响,提出了基于线性二次型最优控制(LQC)和滑模控制(SMC)相结合的鲁棒控制算法(LQSMC).该方法以系统状态空间表达式及LQC为基础,通过引入基于卡尔曼滤波器和控制输入的状态估计,对系统状态空间模型进行改进并定义新的滑模面方程,使得改进后的控制算法在性能上接近LQC并能有效抑制SMC的抖振.仿真分析和实验结果表明,LQSMC算法具有控制精度高、鲁棒性强和抑制干扰能力强等优点,其能有效提高A轴伺服系统的定位精度和跟踪精度,使整体叶盘型面加工精度和表面一致性得到保证,并显著降低了表面粗糙度.     

F2层对地磁扰动的响应

利用37个电离层垂直探测站1974-1986年的数据,采用f0F2与地磁ap指数相关分析的方法,首次得到一个太阳活动周期各年东亚-澳大利亚扇区,欧洲-非洲扇区和美洲-东太平洋扇区F2层对地磁扰动响应随地磁纬度的分布.结果指出,地磁高纬和中纬地区为负响应,低纬和赤道地区为正响应,大约在±30°附近换向.最大正响应在磁赤道附近,最大负响应在地磁纬度±50°附近,最大负响应的幅度大于最大正响应的幅度.存在明显的经度差别和南北半球不对称性.     

航天器上升段轨道快速重构算法

针对航天器上升飞行过程中由于干扰的影响导致实际轨道偏离初始设计轨道的问题,提出了基于状态量提前修正的航天器上升段轨道快速重构算法。使用该算法对大气干扰下上升段轨道进行了快速重构仿真分析,结果表明,该算法能够综合考虑上升段飞行过程的状态量约束、终端约束、入轨精度、重构时间等因素,实现快速重构。     

Design and optimization of stable initial heliocentric formation on the example of LISA

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector such as the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission requires high-precision and stability of the triangular formation. The dynamic environment of the detectors is complex, the science requirements for the formation are tight, and consequently, design and optimization of this high-standard formation with essentially many decision variables are very challenging. This paper studies the design and optimization of the stable initial formation of the heliocentric GW detector by taking the LISA as an example. The linearization method based on relative orbital elements is used for formation design in the two-body system. Three constraints are presented to reduce the number of decision variables to fourteen. The geometric features of the arm length and breathing angle of the triangular formation and the relative position of LISA to the Earth are analyzed and numerically verified in a high-fidelity dynamic model, from which the relationships of multiple requirements of LISA are studied, and a single index is summarized to simplify the optimization. Sobol sensitivity analysis is used to quantitatively evaluate the sensitivities of the decision variables to the cost function, with which a self-adaptive adjustment algorithm of the region of the variables is presented to improve the computational efficiency. The availability of the method to quickly and precisely find a stable initial formation in an extensive neighborhood of the nominal formation is verified by numerical simulation, where the best solution decreases about 47.54% of the arm length change from the requirement. This study shows that the initial formation should be deployed appropriately away from the Earth, and the gravitations of Venus and Jupiter should be utilized to maintain the formation stability.     

Jitter reduction of a reaction wheel by management of angular momentum using magnetic torquers in nano- and micro-satellites

Nowadays, nano- and micro-satellites, which are smaller than conventional large satellites, provide access to space to many satellite developers, and they are attracting interest as an application of space development because development is possible over shorter time period at a lower cost. In most of these nano- and micro-satellite missions, the satellites generally must meet strict attitude requirements for obtaining scientific data under strict constraints of power consumption, space, and weight. In many satellite missions, the jitter of a reaction wheel degrades the performance of the mission detectors and attitude sensors; therefore, jitter should be controlled or isolated to reduce its effect on sensor devices. In conventional standard-sized satellites, tip-tilt mirrors (TTMs) and isolators are used for controlling or isolating the vibrations from reaction wheels; however, it is difficult to use these devices for nano- and micro-satellite missions under the strict power, space, and mass constraints. In this research, the jitter of reaction wheels is reduced by using accurate sensors, small reaction wheels, and slow rotation frequency reaction wheel instead of TTMs and isolators. The objective of a reaction wheel in many satellite missions is the management of the satellite’s angular momentum, which increases because of attitude disturbances. If the magnitude of the disturbance is reduced in orbit or on the ground, the magnitude of the angular momentum that the reaction wheels gain from attitude disturbances in orbit becomes smaller; therefore, satellites can stabilize their attitude using only smaller reaction wheels or slow rotation speed, which cause relatively smaller vibration. In nano- and micro-satellite missions, the dominant attitude disturbance is a magnetic torque, which can be cancelled by using magnetic actuators. With the magnetic compensation, the satellite reduces the angular momentum that the reaction wheels gain, and therefore, satellites do not require large reaction wheels and higher rotation speed, which cause jitter. As a result, the satellite can reduce the effect of jitter without using conventional isolators and TTMs. Hence, the satellites can achieve precise attitude control under low power, space, and mass constraints using this proposed method. Through the example of an astronomical observation mission using nano- and micro-satellites, it is demonstrated that the jitter reduction using small reaction wheels is feasible in nano- and micro-satellites.