对直升机动力学的现状与发展的分析

对以旋翼动力学和飞行动力学为主体的直升机动力学研究进展回顾。主要讨论与飞行力学有关的旋翼气动力模型，旋翼结构动力学、气动弹性力学、飞行动力学模型与控制以及飞行操纵与品质等方面的进展，分析它们的现状，供有关直升机研究人员参考。     

Solar sail deployment dynamics

The deployment dynamics of a solar sail consisting of four flexible booms and four membrane quadrants are studied. First, previous work on modelling only one membrane quadrant attached to two axially moving beams using time-varying quasi-modal expansion is extended to be applicable to the complete four-quadrant system. This is achieved via “lifting” the quadrant-level matrices into system-level forms by mapping the former’s constituent blocks to the correct partitions in the latter. After the quadrant-to-system conversion of the matrices, the equations of motion from the authors’ previous work readily apply to the complete system. Modal analysis is performed on a constant-length sail to validate the model’s basic foundations against the results obtained by finite element methods in the past literature. Deployment simulation results are presented, numerical parameter studies that show possibility of instability are performed using the system’s eigenvalues, and the stability results are discussed.     

Analysis on capabilities of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM to distinguish aerothermal variables in difusion boundary layer

Open source feld operation and manipulation（OpenFOAM）is one of the most prevalent open source computational fluid dynamics（CFD）software.It is very convenient for researchers to develop their own codes based on the class library toolbox within OpenFOAM.In recent years,several density-based solvers within OpenFOAM for supersonic/hypersonic compressible flow are coming up.Although the capabilities of these solvers to capture shock wave have already been verifed by some researchers,these solvers still need to be validated comprehensively as commercial CFD software.In boundary layer where diffusion is the dominant transportation manner,the convective discrete schemes＇capability to capture aerothermal variables,such as temperature and heat flux,is different from each other due to their own numerical dissipative characteristics and from viewpoint of this capability,these compressible solvers within OpenFOAM can be validated further.In this paper,frstly,the organizational architecture of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM is analyzed.Then,from the viewpoint of the capability to capture aerothermal variables,the numerical results of several typical geometrical felds predicted by these solvers are compared with both the outcome obtained from the commercial software Fastran and the experimental data.During the computing process,the Roe,AUSM＋（Advection Upstream Splitting Method）,and HLLC（Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact）convective discrete schemes of which the spatial accuracy is 1st and 2nd order are utilized,respectively.The compared results show that the aerothermal variables are in agreement with results generated by Fastran and the experimental data even if the1st order spatial precision is implemented.Overall,the accuracy of these density-based solvers can meet the requirement of engineering and scientifc problems to capture aerothermal variables in diffusion boundary layer.     

基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展

基于高可信度计算流体力学的数值优化设计方法，在提高飞行器气动与综合性能方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。基于代理模型的优化算法（SBO），由于能够实现高效全局优化，逐渐成为了气动优化设计领域的研究热点之一。近20年来，代理优化算法研究已取得了长足进步，多种先进的新型代理模型被提出，优化理论和算法也不断完善和发展。以飞行器精细化气动优化设计为背景，综述了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展。首先，介绍了基于变可信度代理模型的气动优化设计方法、结合代理模型和伴随方法的气动优化设计方法以及基于非生物进化的并行气动优化设计方法的研究现状和最新进展。然后，针对飞行器气动优化设计学科领域的前沿问题，介绍了基于代理模型的多目标气动优化设计方法、混合反设计/优化设计方法、稳健气动优化设计方法的研究进展，以及基于代理模型的多学科优化设计方法的研究进展。文献综述表明，代理优化算法在设计效率、全局性以及鲁棒性等方面性能优良，已经发展到可以解决100维（100个设计变量）以内的气动优化设计问题，具有良好的工程应用前景。最后，探讨了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计在理论、方法及飞行器设计应用方面所面临的问题和挑战，给出了未来研究方向的建议。     

利用群体动力提高家具企业的安全绩效

家具企业由于受到材料特性和技术水平的限制，安全现状不容乐观。把群体动力理论引入到家具企业安全管理中，利用群体动力提高家具企业的安全绩效：（1）以班组为单位，选拔和培养班组的核心人物作为班组长，提高班组凝聚力；（2）设计适当的班组安全目标，激励班组成员的安全内在需要；（3）贯彻班组安全行为规范，培养班组成员的良好习惯；（4）发挥老乡帮等非正式群体的积极作用。     

背负式S形进气道流场控制技术

通过在已有的S形进气道入口第一弯底部布置一系列类机翼的导流叶片,来改善出口流场分布,抑制旋流,减小出口畸变指数.分析了导流叶片的高度、弦长、攻角和安装位置(轴向位置和横向位置)这几个参数对S形进气道内流的影响,并利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法针对导流叶片的组数展开研究,得到最优结果.结果表明,采用优化后的导流叶片,可以有效抑制内流分离,降低S形进气道出口畸变指数,改善流场品质. 这些分析结果对于涡流发生器的设计有一定的指导意义.      

高超音速双锥绕流数值模拟的格式效应分析

通过模拟双锥外形高超音速绕流,对各种计算流体力学空间离散格式的性能进行分析.研究了Roe格式、van Leer格式、AUSM(Advection Up-stream Splitting Method)格式、AUSMDV格式、AUSM+格式、上风TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)格式等对双锥高超音速流场特征的模拟能力.结果表明:各空间格式激波分辨率都较高,但粘性分辨率相差很大.其特性与格式耗散性有关,耗散性越小,粘性分辨率越高;格式耗散性对热流极值影响显著,耗散性越小,热流极值越大,其位置越靠近前缘.      

高频激励下旋转柔性臂逆动力学模态自适应方法研究

在空间柔性机械臂的动力学与控制问题中,逆动力学求解常要求有较高的计算速度.当柔性多体系统受到高频激励时,必须考虑高阶模态才能保证足够的计算精度,但同时提高了计算自由度数,降低了计算速度.为了提高此类问题的计算效率,本文将模态自适应策略应用于旋转柔性臂逆动力学建模,计算了高频激励下产生期望旋转运动的柔性臂关节驱动力矩,验证了该方法的有效性,并研究了重力对计算结果的影响.      

Study of correlations between waves and particle fluxes measured on board the DEMETER satellite

The topic of relativistic electron dynamics in the outer radiation belt has received considerable attention for many years. Nevertheless, the problem of understanding the physical phenomenon involved is far from being resolved. In this paper, we use DEMETER observations to examine the variations of the energetic electron fluxes and ELF/VLF wave intensities in the inner magnetosphere during the intense 8 November 2004 magnetic storm. Electron flux spectra and associated wave intensity spectra are analysed throughout the magnetic storm and common characteristics or differences to other storm events are retained. The overall objective of this study is to identify and derive parameters that are relevant for particle flux modelling; the time constant characterizing the persistent decay after particle enhancement was found to be one of these important model parameters.The analysis of the 8 November 2004 event reveals that for L-shell parameter higher than 4, an electron flux dropout is observed during the storm’s main phase for electrons in the energy range 0.1–1 MeV, as has been reported from other measurements. Characteristic wave spectra accompanying this phase are analysed. They show a typical enhancement in the frequency range 0.3–10 kHz at onset for all L-shell values under consideration (2 < L < 5). During the first stage of the recovery phase, the electron fluxes are increased to a level higher than the pre-storm level, whereas the level of wave intensity in the frequency range observed below 300 Hz is at its highest. In the second stage, the particle flux decrease goes hand in hand with a global wave activity decline, the relaxation time of the latter being smaller than the former’s one. In some other cases, long-lasting electron enhancement associated with constant wave activity has been observed during this latter stage. For the above mentioned storm, while at low L values the decay time constants are higher for low energy electrons than for high energy electrons, this order is reversed at high L values. At about L = 3.6 the time constant is independent of electron energy.     

曲面幕墙清洁机器人攀爬技术

针对国家大剧院超椭球外表面的清洗问题,设计了一种新型自攀爬机器人.机器人具有全方位运动能力,相对于擦洗运动而言,攀爬运动是影响机器人作业安全性的主要因素.分析了攀爬运动的运动学模型,利用拉格朗日方法对该状态下的动力学问题进行了研究,并针对攀爬运动的特殊性,对机器人前后俯仰支撑控制问题进行分析,结合建筑物表面特点并依靠仿真,得到机器人作业过程中俯仰机构受力分布曲线,为机器人攀爬支撑力的切换提供了理论依据.