变转速旋翼直升机单发失效低速回避区分析

利用最优控制方法研究变转速旋翼直升机在遭遇单发失效时,旋翼转速对自转着陆低速回避区的影响。首先,以UH-60A直升机为样机,建立三维刚体飞行动力学模型,并分析低速范围内旋翼转速对直升机需用功率的影响。然后,在模型中加入单发失效后自转着陆阶段发动机输出功率以及旋翼转速变化方程,并利用直接多重打靶法将直升机单发失效后的自转着陆过程转换为非线性最优控制问题进行数值求解。最后,基于最小化回避区面积的思想,得到并分析直升机在不同旋翼转速下单发失效后的自转着陆低速回避区,以及回避区高悬停点、拐点和低悬停点对应的最优着陆轨迹和操纵过程。结果表明：随着旋翼转速的降低,直升机单发失效后的低速回避区首先会逐渐缩小,然后迅速增大。最小回避区对应的旋翼转速略高于最小需用功率对应的旋翼转速。适当降低旋翼转速不仅能有效降低直升机的需用功率,还有利于提高直升机单发失效后的自转着陆性能。     

Yarkovsky-Schach effect on space debris motion

The Yarkovsky-Schach effect is a small perturbation affecting Earth satellites and space debris illuminated by the Sun. It was first applied to the orbit of LAGEOS satellites as an explanation of the residuals in orbital elements. In this work, we carry out several numerical integration tests taking into consideration various orbit and rotation parameters, in order to analyse this effect in a broader context. The semi-major axis variations remain small and depend on the spin axis attitude with respect to the Sun. We show that the force amplitude is maximised for orbits inclined with $i\approx$?20–30°. We also observe the influence on other orbital elements, notably on the orbit inclination. However, these effects are clearly observed only on long timescales; in our simulations, we propagated the orbits for 200?y. The Yarkovsky-Schach effect is thus confirmed to have a minuscule magnitude. It should be taken into account in studies requiring high-precision orbit determination, or on expanded timescales.     

基于仿真的小型数据中心气流组织研究

为了实现小型数据中心能在办公室环境中运行而降低运行成本这一实际需求,提出了蒸汽压缩制冷系统与服务器融合封闭的降噪与制冷的一体化设计方案。在关键部件——轴流风扇和蒸发器的仿真策略得到验证的基础上,建立了系统气流组织仿真模型以分析箱体内流动与换热特征,以方差和信息熵构建不均匀性评价指标以评估不同风扇排布方式对服务器温度场均匀性的影响,讨论了发热密度增大时的应对策略。结果表明,轴流风扇不均匀的动量驱动导致了蒸发器内不均匀的流动与换热,所设计的降噪制冷系统可以使服务器的排风温度控制在21.6~22.2℃,增加蒸发器的散热风扇可以整体上改善温度场均匀性,发热密度增大时增大服务器的通风量是降低排风温度的有效措施。      

鸬鹚起飞阶段的脚蹼力学建模及运动学计算

鸬鹚在水面起飞的过程中,进行周期性扑翼运动的同时,其脚蹼也不断进行周期性拍水运动。为探究脚蹼周期性拍击水面对鸬鹚水面起飞的贡献以及定量计算每个拍水周期中脚蹼力的大小,探讨了鸬鹚起飞过程中后肢力量的贡献以及需要腿部力量辅助的原因;同时,比较自然界生物在水面行走或奔跑方式的异同,从而研究鸬鹚等水栖鸟类在水面上连续拍水的机理。通过蛇怪蜥蜴和鸬鹚脚蹼水上运动模式和机理的对比,类比研究脚蹼对水面冲击而产生支持身体冲量的大小与脚蹼在拍水时与水接触变化的过程;定义鸬鹚腿部自由度,建立鸬鹚起飞过程脚蹼周期性拍水运动的运动学模型,分析腿部关节角度与脚蹼中心坐标的D-H矩阵,并研究关节角速度与脚蹼中心速度的雅可比矩阵,通过现有的视频分析验证模型可靠性,并对鸬鹚脚掌运动以及水平、竖直方向的运动做了基本计算。      

重型直升机飞行动力学刚弹耦合建模及空中共振稳定性分析

针对重型直升机（HLH）大重量、低转速的固有特性,提出了一种适用于重型直升机的飞行动力学刚弹耦合建模方法。该方法结合传统直升机飞行动力学与旋翼机体耦合动力学,将传统飞行力学的分析频段拓展到了5 Hz,额外考虑了桨叶和机体的弹性变形,基于阻抗匹配法推导出了显式的旋翼/机体耦合动力学方程,模拟了真实飞行状态下的直升机气弹耦合特性,利用该模型计算并分析了算例重型直升机的悬停飞行特性和空中共振稳定性。结果表明：旋翼机体耦合导致摆振前进型和机体弹性模态的阻尼-转速曲线先相互靠近至同一点再分离,可能引起直升机的高频瞬态振动;在摆振等效阻尼不足时,旋翼摆振后退型是不稳定的,但随着等效阻尼增加,摆振二阶周期型模态和机体弹性模态会出现耦合;桨叶弹性变形与机体弯曲模态及挥舞集合型耦合,但不会引起明显的不稳定现象。     

Libration and end body swing stabilization of a parallel partial space elevator system

This paper studies the libration and stabilization of a parallel partial space elevator system in circular orbits. The system is made up of two paralleled partial space elevators, each of which consists of one main satellite, one end body and a climber moving along the tether between them. The libration characteristics of the elevator are studied through numerical analysis by a new dynamic model, and a novel control strategy is proposed to stabilize the swing of the end body by projecting the climber speeds only. Optimal control method is used to implement the new control strategy in the case where the climbers move in opposite direction. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy whose application will neither sacrifice the transport efficiency nor exacerbate libration significantly.     

Deployment dynamics for flexible deployable primary mirror of space telescope with paraboloidal and laminated structure by using absolute node coordinate method

A nonlinear dynamic modeling method for primary mirror of Flower-like Deployable Space Telescope (F-DST) undergoing large deployment motion is proposed in this paper. To ensure pointing accuracy and attitude stability of the paraboloidal primary mirror, the mirror is discretized into equal thickness shell elements by considering shell curvature. And the material nonlinear constitutive relation of flexible mirror is acquired using Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). Furthermore, the primary mirror of F-DST can be regarded as a clustered multi-body system, and its dynamic equations of elastic deformation and deployment motion are established by virtual work principle. Finally, the deployment motion of primary mirror by different driving conditions are simulated, the results show that the vibrations of mirrors that driven by elastic hinge device are more than that driven by servo motor. In addition, single sub-mirror deployment process will perturb the pointing accuracy of primary mirror, and the multiple sub-mirrors simultaneously deploying will seriously affect all the sub-mirrors surface accuracy because of the coupling effect. Thus, there are theoretical value and practical significance for the controlling surface accuracy and attitude accuracy of space telescope.     

A hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver to couple self-similar method with MULTV method for complex flows

Since proposed, the self-similarity variables based genuinely multidimensional Riemann solver is attracting more attentions due to its high resolution in multidimensional complex flows. However, it needs numerous logical operations in supersonic cases, which limit the method’s applicability in engineering problems greatly. In order to overcome this defect, a hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver, called HMTHS (Hybrid of MulTv and multidimensional HLL scheme based on Self-similar structures), is proposed. It simulates the strongly interacting zone by adopting the MHLLES (Multidimensional Harten-Lax-van Leer-Eifeldt scheme based on Self-similar structures) scheme at subsonic speeds, which is with a high resolution by considering the second moment in the similarity variables. Also, it adopts the MULTV (Multidimensional Toro and Vasquez) scheme, which is with a high resolution in capturing discontinuities, to simulate the flux at supersonic speeds. Systematic numerical experiments, including both one-dimensional cases and two-dimensional cases, are conducted. One-dimensional moving contact discontinuity case and sod shock tube case suggest that HMTHS can accurately capture one-dimensional expansion waves, shock waves, and linear contact discontinuities. Two-dimensional cases, such as the double Mach reflection case, the supersonic shock / boundary layer interaction case, the hypersonic flow over the cylinder case, and the hypersonic viscous flow over the double-ellipsoid case, indicate that the HMTHS scheme is with a high resolution in simulating multidimensional complex flows. Therefore, it is promising to be widely applied in both scholar and engineering areas.     

筒式偏心在轨分离角速度抑制方法

筒式偏心在轨分离是一类特殊的在轨分离问题,小卫星偏心安装而产生的分离力矩将导致分离角速度,进而影响小卫星的分离指向精度,甚至导致释放平台姿态失稳。而常规的姿态大角速度机动、姿态快速稳定控制方法难以在小卫星出筒前的极短时间内完成分离角速度抑制。因此,进行了卫星筒式偏心在轨分离动力学分析,基于分离角速度的产生,提出了抑制分离姿态干扰的前馈控制力矩法和角速度预偏置法。在此基础上,推导了关键控制参数的近似计算公式,给出了控制量的优化求解方法,并分析了控制干扰因素对抑制结果的影响。最后,通过仿真算例分析,对比验证了两种抑制方法的有效性,并给出了其工程应用的建议。     

Numerical simulation of a UAV impacting engine fan blades

A 3D digital model of a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is obtained by using the method of scanning reverse modeling and joint mapping. A numerical simulation of a small UAV strikes on rotary engine blades, presented in this paper, was performed with a Transient Nonlinear Finite Element code PAM-CRASH software. A test of motor strike on plate was developed and the dynamic response of the plate were obtained to validate the numerical simulation method of a UAV strike on blades. Based on this, dynamic damage response caused by UAV on the engine blades were studied. It is indicated that the impact process between the UAV and a single blade can be divided into two typical stages: cutting and impact. Cutting mainly leads to the failure of the leading edge material, and impact mainly leads to the plastic deformation of the blade. At the same time, it is compared with the damage impacted by bird with the same mass. For the same mass of bird and UAV, the damage caused by UAV striking fan blade is more serious, and 1.345 kg UAV striking fan blade of typical civil aviation engine is enough to cause damage to flight safety.