基于系统动力学的国际航空教育认证研究

为了改进和提高航空电子专业的教学质量,采用系统动力学方法,对国际航空教育认证机构专业认证的通用指标进行分析,获得指标间的因果关系,在此基础上,以总体产出为标准,分析现有专业课程设置的优势和不足,为该专业的发展以及航空专业认证标准的建立提供参考.     

基于虚拟样机的多星分离仿真分析

在一箭多星发射任务中,卫星分离仿真分析较为复杂,分离后卫星的运动状态受多因素共同影响,包括弹簧弹力、爆炸螺栓冲击力、电连接器拔脱力、航天器质量特性、初始运动参数等,采用传统数值计算的方法难以求解。虚拟样机技术能够有效解决上述问题,通过虚拟样机技术完成卫星分离仿真分析,通过人为设置偏差及干扰,模拟偏差及故障模式下卫星分离过程,评估碰撞等危险发生的可能性。结果表明,系统偏差对分离结果的影响量可通过仿真来评估,在风险较大情况下需要采取弹簧筛选等措施;另外,电分离插头机械拔脱力作用时间短,造成的干扰一般情况下不会影响分离安全。     

箔片型红外面源诱饵扩散规律

目前红外面源诱饵已成为对抗红外成像制导导弹的重要方法。鉴于此,以箔片型红外面源诱饵为研究对象,利用计算流体力学（CFD）方法得到单个箔片和两平行箔片在不同迎角下的气动力系数。通过对箔片空中运动分析,特别是考虑到燃烧力作用的特殊性,将箔片的运动分为两个阶段：起燃阶段和完全燃烧阶段,并建立了两个阶段的运动模型。在单个箔片运动模型的基础上,设置上千个箔片初始姿态和旋转角速度的概率分布情况,同时对上千个箔片求解运动方程,即可得到整个红外面源诱饵的空间运动扩散规律。仿真结果表明：在高速运动平台上垂直向上发射红外面源诱饵,其扩散形状近似为前部稀疏后部密集的锥形云团;仿真得到的面源诱饵扩散尺寸和运动位置与实测数据吻合度较高,特别是面源诱饵在x轴方向扩散尺寸误差小于5%。     

鲁棒的结构网格自动化重叠方法

网格技术是目前数值模拟中的关键技术之一。重叠网格是一种放宽拓扑要求、减小网格生成难度的网格技术。本文以结构重叠网格为基础,分别针对挖洞、寻点以及洞面优化方法进行了研究和改进,同时完成物面网格重叠,形成了一套鲁棒的、自动化的网格重叠系统。在挖洞方面,结合“最小洞映射”方法,提出“复合式挖洞”方法,节省内存开销;在寻点方面,通过构建格心虚网格,保证搜索空间的连续性,同时结合“有效搜索”思想,排除部分对寻点无贡献的网格点,进而减少ADT叉树节点;在洞面优化上,改变填补判别法则并引入两类受保护洞内点,确保两层插值边界建立,提高鲁棒性;在物面网格重叠上,利用物面投影法完成坐标修正,实现物面附近网格流动变量的准确传递。为验证本文方法,分别对定常翼身组合体DLR-F6绕流和非定常机翼挂载分离过程进行了数值模拟,计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,表明该结构重叠网格系统对多物体间定常、非定常扰流具有较好的数值模拟能力和较高的模拟精度,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

集成火星进入弹道的开伞过程动力学特性研究

针对火星探测任务设计阶段的需求,提出集成再入弹道、开伞过程仿真一体化设计方法。首先,利用质点动力学模型,计算质点弹道,进行探测器进入过程的飞行轨迹仿真,获得开伞初始状态。其次,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）方法,建立开伞过程的流固耦合（FSI）动力学模型,进行典型工况开伞过程数值模拟,分析开伞动压和马赫数对降落伞充气过程的影响。数值模拟开伞过程伞衣几何外形变化和降落伞的流固耦合动力学行为,得到开伞过载变化曲线、伞衣阻力面积变化等典型特征参数。计算结果表明,降落伞开伞动力学的数值仿真方法为火星再入、减速和着陆（EDL）过程的概念设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

双臂协调机械手动力学建模的新方法

由于某种既定任务而产生的约束关系的存在,使得双臂协调机械手的动力学特性表现出高度的非线性和耦合性。因此,利用传统的拉格朗日方程建立其动力学模型显得困难重重。针对平面双臂协调搬运机械手的动力学建模问题,基于传统的拉格朗日方程给出并证明了平面多杆机械手动力学方程的一般表达式。然后利用上述表达式,并基于分析力学界著名的Udwadia-Kalaba方程的建模思想,获得双臂协调机械手在预定轨迹下各杆所需附加力矩的解析表达式及系统的动力学方程,克服了传统拉格朗日方程需借助拉格朗日乘子获得动力学方程的缺点。双臂协调机械手的关节角变化规律和被搬运物体轨迹的数值仿真结果证明所建立的动力学方程符合实际情况。      

复杂热环境下平流层飞艇高空驻留热动力学特性

热问题是平流层飞艇高空驻留期间面临的重点问题之一。分析了太阳辐射、地球反照和红外辐射等热环境因素的时变特征,提出了多节点平流层飞艇热动力学分析模型。该模型可较好地实现平流层飞艇昼夜热动力学特性仿真研究。计算结果表明,季节、纬度和大气对流等因素对平流层飞艇的热动力学特性有着重要影响。     

自洁仿生薄膜吸附模拟研究

固体表面的自清洁性一直深受研究人员的关注,但对其微观机理尚缺乏深入研究。文章利用分子动力学原理,对以ZnO为基底的纳结构表面自清洁效果进行了模拟仿真,探讨了方柱状纳结构尺寸对其自清洁性能的影响规律,进而优化纳结构模型。结果表明,自洁效果最好的纳结构表面尺寸为:柱高度7.05,柱边长7.38,柱侧边距2.16,最大接触角140.8°;同时,与Wenzel模型相比,模拟接触角与Cassie模型的预测值更能保持一致。     

CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.     

Aerodynamic Design Methodology for Blended Wing Body Transport

This paper puts forward a design idea for blended wing body(BWB).The idea is described as that cruise point,maximum lift to drag point and pitch trim point are in the same flight attitude.According to this design idea,design objectives and constraints are defined.By applying low and high fidelity aerodynamic analysis tools,BWB aerodynamic design methodology is established by the combination of optimization design and inverse design methods.High lift to drag ratio,pitch trim and acceptable buffet margin can be achieved by this design methodology.For 300-passenger BWB configuration based on static stability design,as compared with initial configuration,the maximum lift to drag ratio and pitch trim are achieved at cruise condition,zero lift pitching moment is positive,and buffet characteristics is well.Fuel burn of 300-passenger BWB configuration is also significantly reduced as compared with conventional civil transports.Because aerodynamic design is carried out under the constraints of BWB design requirements,the design configuration fulfills the demands for interior layout and provides a solid foundation for continuous work.