某型钛铝合金航空发动机叶片高温高周振动疲劳实验

以某型钛铝合金航空发动机叶片为研究对象,针对该型叶片高温高周振动疲劳实验时遇到的高温疲劳应力监测、高频激励等问题进行了实验方法研究。采用闭环控制最大应力的方法解决了高温疲劳应力的监测,通过夹具放大设计实现了高频激励,利用辐射加热和电磁振动台完成了温度载荷和振动载荷的综合施加。运用所述的高温高周振动疲劳实验方法,对该型叶片进行了寿命实验。实验的高温疲劳应力控制精度优于±2%,得到该型叶片可靠度为50%的中值疲劳极限是444 MPa,并有效获得了其寿命曲线。该实验方法适合航空发动机叶片高温高周振动疲劳实验,并可为其他航空发动机零部件高温高周疲劳实验提供参考。     

某型航空活塞发动机排气门积铅机理

针对某型航空活塞发动机在含铅汽油条件下因排气门积铅而出现严重的气缸压缩性衰减问题,通过对排气门上沉积物的微观形貌及成分分析,结合该型发动机的结构设计和实际运行环境分析这种排气门沉积物的形成机理.研究表明:空中慢车时排气门运行温度过低是导致污染物在排气门上沉积的根本原因,而空中慢车时的螺旋桨风车因素和该型发动机燃油系统设计特性是导致排气门运行温度过低的主要原因。据此提出将螺旋桨风车转速降低200 r/min和小功率调贫控制排气温度在427 ℃以上等提高气门运行温度的方案,经实际运行测试有效。     

变截面管内激波串的预测理论及其验证

现有等直管内激波串的预测理论并未考虑截面积变化以及壁面传热等条件,因此发展了考虑壁面温度、附面层分离和截面积变化的激波串理论分析模型,并与实验结果进行了对比。研究表明,该模型可快速计算隔离段参数的沿程变化,激波串前缘位置的差值在26%以内。此外,对变截面管道激波串进行了理论分析和数值模拟,研究发现数值解和理论解的差值为11%。      

Geometrically exact nonlinear analysis of pre-twisted composite rotor blades

Modeling of pre-twisted composite rotor blades is very complicated not only because of the geometric non-linearity, but also because of the cross-sectional warping and the transverse shear deformation caused by the anisotropic material properties. In this paper, the geometrically exact nonlinear modeling of a generalized Timoshenko beam with arbitrary cross-sectional shape, generally anisotropic material behavior and large deflections has been presented based on Hodges’ method. The concept of decomposition of rotation tensor was used to express the strain in the beam. The variational asymptotic method was used to determine the arbitrary warping of the beam cross section. The generalized Timoshenko strain energy was derived from the equilibrium equations and the second-order asymptotically correct strain energy. The geometrically exact nonlinear equations of motion were established by Hamilton’s principle. The established modeling was used for the static and dynamic analysis of pre-twisted composite rotor blades, and the analytical results were validated based on experimental data. The influences of the transverse shear deformation on the pre-twisted composite rotor blade were investigated. The results indicate that the influences of the transverse shear deformation on the static deformation and the natural frequencies of the pre-twisted composite rotor blade are related to the length to chord ratio of the blade.     

典型尖楔结构燃气流热试验工况确定方法

在传统冷壁热流模拟方法的基础上,进一步提出以热壁温度及热流密度的时序变化曲线为控制目标的燃气流热试验工况确定方法,即利用壁温控制目标与实测值的偏差对热壁热流控制目标做一定修正,以尽可能消除和弥补前期试验误差,同时利用300K冷壁边界热流密度数据库插值迭代方法,快速确定一定气动热模拟所需燃气流温度,解决了沿飞行轨迹瞬态热试验技术难题之一。利用CFD数值模拟方法,建立了典型尖楔结构高/中温双路燃气流组合热试验300K冷壁边界热流密度数据库,并针对典型尖楔结构沿某飞行轨迹9个典型状态气动热模拟需求,确定相应双路燃气流热模拟参数。相关数值计算结果显示,驻点区域热流密度平均模拟偏差为4.5%,平板区热流密度平均模拟偏差为4.6%,两者最大模拟偏差均不大于8%,满足工程试验精度要求。同时,瞬态热分析结果显示第45s时,距驻点1mm处最大温度梯度达到21K/mm,距驻点10.1mm处最大温度梯度达到18K/mm,满足气动热大温度梯度效应需求。      

热辐射对气膜冷却叶片冷却性能影响

针对一种带有气膜冷却结构的涡轮一级导向叶片进行气-固-热耦合数值模拟,通过比较考虑/不考虑热辐射的温比和综合冷却效率,分析了多种辐射因素对叶片表面温度和冷却性能的影响。结果表明:入口黑体辐射温度在1200~1900K之间,叶片表面发射率在0.3~0.7之间时,考虑热辐射作用均会使叶片表面温度明显上升。入口黑体辐射温度1600K,叶片表面发射率为0.5时,叶片压力面温度整体上升约100K,叶片表面最高温度点（1350K）温度上升约50K;气体辐射对叶片吸力面和尾缘区域造成5%左右的温升;考虑辐射作用使得叶片综合冷却效率下降,叶片前缘和压力面尽管布置密集的气膜孔仍然难以满足冷却需求,综合冷却效率下降至0.3以下。      

三维四向C/C复合材料高温氧化环境力学试验

为了研究三维编织C/C复合材料高温氧化环境下的力学性能,在大气环境下开展了有、无抗氧化涂层三维四向C/C复合材料平板试验件700℃时的拉伸试验和拉/拉疲劳试验。拉伸试验结果表明:无涂层三维四向C/C复合材料在700℃保温1h和2h后,强度分别下降至有涂层的70.33%和44.57%,弹性模量分别下降至有涂层的58.57%和38.99%,氧化后的总拉伸应变比有涂层的大幅度提升,材料破坏时无刚度突降现象。疲劳试验结果表明:有涂层三维四向C/C复合材料的剩余刚度先增加,而后保持,最后突降,应力水平为83%经10~5循环后剩余强度比初始强度提高了19.75%;无涂层三维四向C/C复合材料的剩余刚度先增加后降低,直至材料完全破坏,应力水平为75%经10~5循环后剩余强度比初始强度降低了20.40%。     

温包型温度传感器的工质选择

为研究温包型温度传感器在航空发动机和飞机控制系统中的应用,对温包型温度传感器的充填工质进行了分析。根据工质的热力学特性及传感器的使用温度范围,将温包分为气态、液态、蒸汽态3种类型,阐述了不同类别工质的物理特性与温度变化的关系,汇集了常见工质的主要特性参数,归纳了根据传感器用途选择工质的原则。结果表明:气态工质的计算符合范德华方程;液态工质则按照体积膨胀计算;蒸汽态工质可按照项-谭方程进行设计计算。根据以上方法设计的不同温包已在多种发动机和飞机附件中得到应用。     

涡轮导向叶片沿程温增试验方法研究

讨论了航空发动机涡轮导向叶片沿程温增试验方法,分析了温增特性和影响沿程温增的试验参数及其相似性。     

Dynamic Response Analysis of Bird Strike on Aircraft Windshield Based on Damage-modified Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Relation

Damage-modified nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation and failure criterion are introduced and the three-dimensional incremental forms are deduced based on the updated Lagrangian approach. A simple tensile test model and a split Hopkinson pressure bar model are built to verify the accuracy of the subroutine implemented within the non-linear finite element program LS-DYNA. A numerical model of bird strike on windshield is established to study the responses of windshield under three different bird velocities at three sites. The bird is represented by a cylinder with a hemisphere at each end and the contact-impact coupling algorithm is used in this study. It is found that the implemented subroutine can properly describe the mechanical behavior of polymethyl methacrylate under low and high strain rates and large deformation, and can be used validly.