大学新生入学适应教育探析

本研究以410名大学新生为被试,采用问卷法调查了入学第一个学期学生的精神健康水平,考察了他们的入学适应状况,调查结果表明：一部分学生在新环境的适应上存在较多问题。本文在调查研究的基础上,对提高大学生入学适应水平的教育途径和方法做出了尝试性的探讨。     

国外星体表面巡视探测器地面试验方法分析

对国外星体表面巡视探测器的典型地面试验进行了系统阐述和分析,总结了星体表面巡视探测器地面试验的特点和规律,可以为我国星体表面巡视探测器地面试验的开展提供借鉴。     

Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology

3D-printing technologies are receiving an always increasing attention in architecture, due to their potential use for direct construction of buildings and other complex structures, also of considerable dimensions, with virtually any shape. Some of these technologies rely on an agglomeration process of inert materials, e.g. sand, through a special binding liquid and this capability is of interest for the space community for its potential application to space exploration. In fact, it opens the possibility for exploiting in-situ resources for the construction of buildings in harsh spatial environments. The paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the concept of 3D printing technology for building habitats on the Moon using lunar soil, also called regolith. A particular patented 3D-printing technology – D-shape – has been applied, which is, among the existing rapid prototyping systems, the closest to achieving full scale construction of buildings and the physical and chemical characteristics of lunar regolith and terrestrial regolith simulants have been assessed with respect to the working principles of such technology. A novel lunar regolith simulant has also been developed, which almost exactly reproduces the characteristics of the JSC-1A simulant produced in the US. Moreover, tests in air and in vacuum have been performed to demonstrate the occurrence of the reticulation reaction with the regolith simulant. The vacuum tests also showed that evaporation or freezing of the binding liquid can be prevented through a proper injection method. The general requirements of a Moon outpost have been specified, and a preliminary design of the habitat has been developed. Based on such design, a section of the outpost wall has been selected and manufactured at full scale using the D-shape printer and regolith simulant. Test pieces have also been manufactured and their mechanical properties have been assessed.     

The Japanese lunar mission SELENE: Science goals and present status

The Japanese lunar mission SELENE (SELenological and ENgineering Explorer) has been in development to target launch scheduled 2007 summer by H-IIA rocket. The SELENE is starting final integration test after SAR (System Acceptance Review), SRR (System Reliability Review) and instrument environment test. The SELENE is a remote-sensing mission orbiting 100 km altitude of the Moon for nominal one year and extended some months to collect the data for studying the origin and evolution of the Moon. Fourteen instruments and experiment systems are preparing for studies of the Moon, in the Moon, and from the Moon; global element and mineral compositions, topological structure, gravity field of whole moon, and electromagnetic and particle environment of the Moon. The new data center SOAC (SELENE Operation and data Analysis Center) are completed to construct in JAXA Sagamihara campus, and end-to-end test will be carried out between SOAC and data downlink stations.     

一种基于天体观测的月球车位置姿态确定方法

针对月球车提出了一种基于天文观测的自主位置姿态确定方法.建立了利用天体敏感器测量得到的天体高度和方位作为观测信息的量测方程,并利用月球车运动的三阶常加速(CA,Constant Aceeleration)模型和姿态的欧拉角运动模型作为系统方程,给出了基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波获得月球车实时位置、速度和姿态信息的导航方法.计算机仿真表明该方法可达到较高的位置姿态确定精度.      

月球地质形貌及其环境概述

文章重点介绍了月球的地质形貌和月球环境.针对在月球上建立生产基地和居住基地,提出了需要重点开展的一些研究工作.     

开展我国月球环境模拟试验技术研究的建议与设想

文章介绍了国外月球探测与月球环境地面模拟试验技术的发展现状,提出了为满足我国未来月球探测与着陆所需要的月球环境地面模拟试验技术的主要研究方向.     

未来空间技术发展展望

经过近50年的发展,我国空间技术取得了举世瞩目的成就,在新的历史时期,世界航天将跨入一个新的发展高潮,我国经济社会的发展对航天事业提出了更高的要求。文章提出了我国未来航天器发展体系,介绍了未来5年我国空间技术发展的重点任务,分析了专业技术发展方向,提出了创新发展的对策建议。     

PWS软件应用于探月着陆器羽流效应 数值模拟研究

文章使用自行开发的PWS计算软件就探月着陆器主发动机羽流对着陆缓冲机构产生的气动力和对流换热热效应问题进行了数值模拟研究。PWS软件是一个基于直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法的羽流计算通用软件,其松散的软件架构保证了各个计算模块的相对独立性,使用“与”、“或”逻辑法则的二级构造法来实现边界条件的通用性。软件的计算值与国外CUBRC实验测量值符合得很好。使用PWS软件对着陆器主发动机羽流进行数值模拟计算表明着陆缓冲机构所受的羽流气动压强最大达到2.4 Pa;缓冲机构底盘侧面的对流换热热流密度最大达到2 000 W/m2;当缓冲机构壁面温度从300 K增加到500 K时,其表面对流换热流密度值有所下降,其最大下降值不到5%。     

火星着陆地形信息融合分析技术

文章以火星探测任务为背景,介绍了两种用于实时地形安全性评估的基于多敏感器的地形信息融合分析技术。这些技术综合考虑了影响着陆器安全着陆的多种地形特性信息,如地形粗糙度、坡度等,并且计算简单、处理速度快,能够满足火星着陆实时地形安全分析的要求。