行星际空间环境对探测器可靠性影响分析

空间环境是影响航天器可靠性的重要因素。与地球轨道航天器相比,行星际探测任务可能会遭受更加恶劣的空间环境,例如极端温度环境,辐射环境,腐蚀性大气环境、宇宙尘等,再加上行星际任务寿命长,采用先进的器件和材料,空间环境对行星际探测器的可靠性构成严重的威胁,直接关系到探测目标能否实现。因此考虑空间环境对行星际探测器的影响,开展相关的预先研究无论是对于制定行星际空间探测计划,还是搭载仪器的设计都具有非常重要的意义。文章分析了极端温度、辐射环境和行星表面综合环境对探测器的影响,并对开展相关研究提出了建议。     

旋转与比例不变点特征松弛匹配算法的Hopfield神经网络实现

本文在旋转与比例不变点特征松弛匹配方法的基础上，提出了用Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ神经网络实现该匹配过程的方法，通过对模拟图象进行的大量实验，得到了令人满意的结果，证实了采用Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ神经网络完成旋转与比例不变点特征松弛匹配过程的有效性和可行性。     

地球静止轨道空间碎片的处置

介绍了国际机构间碎片协调委员会提出的关于地球静止轨道（GEO）空间碎片问题的研究结果和碎片处置的建议，主要内容包括：GEO与GEO环的概念、EGO上物体现状，EGO空间碎片处置的基本原则和8条具体处置措施建议。该建议已于2000年2月提交联合国和平利用外层空间委员会科技小组委员会第37届会议。     

Cost Engineering – The new paradigm for space launch vehicle design

The paper describes the basic definition and application of 'Cost Engineering' which means to design a vehicle system for minimum development cost and/or for minimum operations cost. This is important now and for the future since space transportation has become primarily a commercial business in contrast to the past where it has been mainly a subject of military power and national prestige. Several examples are presented for minimum-cost space launch vehicle configurations, such as increasing vehicle size and/or the use of less efficient rocket engines in order to reduce development and operations cost. Further a cost comparison is presented on single-stage (SSTO)-vehicles vs. two-stage launchers which shows that SSTOs have lower development and operations cost although they are larger, respectively have a higher lift-off mass than two-stage vehicles with the same performance. The design of a space tourism-dedicated launch vehicle is an extreme challenge for a cost-engineered vehicle design in order to achieve cost per seat not higher than $50,000. Finally an outlook is presented on the different options for manned Earth-to-Moon transportation modes and vehicles – another most important application of 'cost engineering', taking into account the large cost of such a future venture.     

多传感器目标识别的优化融合

对于工作在复杂环境下的多传感器目标识别系统,确保其稳健性和准确性的关键是有效处理被融合信息的不确定性。根据影响信息不确定性的因素,文章把传感器本地识别信息的可信度分为了统计可信度和环境可信度;采用最小二乘法和神经网络实现统计可信度的估计,自适应神经模糊推理实现环境可信度估计;并利用这两种可信度实现以一致理论为基础的多传感器目标识别的优化融合。经实验仿真证明,该融合方案是有效的。     

CCSDS邻近空间链路协议的初步探究

介绍了空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)制定的邻近空间链路协议的产生背景及发展现状。     

Space commercialization: Lessons from history

Private enterprise seeks to undertake virtually any activity that is institutionally and technologically feasible and that promises a high return on investment. Commercial activities in space would seem to be no exception. Indeed, it is reasonable to expect that, at some future date, commercial activities in space will overshadow government-sponsored research and military activities combined. But this date remains well into the future, it is highly uncertain, and it depends on government policies. Two major factors inhibiting further space commercialization are the current lack of necessary infrastructure and the lack of viable commercial activities. The necessary infrastructure is developing with the increasing operational status of the Space Shuttle and plans for a space station. It remains, however, to place increasing emphasis on the conduct of research in space to identify valid commercial uses of space.     

BTT导弹神经网络自适应控制器设计

在导弹系统存在非匹配不确定性的情况下 ,提出了一种基于RBF神经网络和反演控制技术的神经网络自适应导弹控制系统的设计方法。首先应用RBF神经网络在线辨识系统中存在的不确定性 ,然后利用反演控制技术设计了导弹非线性自适应控制器 ,成功的处理了非匹配不确定性 ,并应用Lyapunov稳定性理论推导出RBF神经网络权重矩阵及中心点值的调节律 ,保证了系统的稳定性。证明了系统的所有信号均有界且全局指数收敛至原点的一个邻域。最后给出的BTT导弹非线性六自由度数字仿真结果显示了该设计方法的有效性。     

Searching for the magic bullet

A powerful statistical tool, paired-comparison, was tested as a method to determine the relative value American people place on two possibly competing paradigms in the United States Space Program: “Space as a Place to Explore” and “Civil and Commercial Uses of Space”. A limitation of the results, but not the methodology, is the participants were college students, not “voting” adults. Reliability and validity of items were developed and tested in two studies suggesting that the paired-comparison method is a reliable and powerful tool for measuring the relative value the public may place on programs within the US Space Program.     

中国空间碎片研究的进展

首先对"十五"期间中国在空间碎片研究领域取得的主要进展进行了综述,涉及空间碎片监测预警、航天器防护和空间碎片减缓三个方面;然后对"十一五"期间中国空间碎片研究的主要内容进行了介绍。