空间环境模拟器热沉热辐射当量吸收特性研究

文章采用蒙特卡罗法模拟射线的传输过程,分别对两种热沉形式的热辐射当量吸收系数进行了数值计算,研究了表面形式、几何高度及入射光线方向等参数对表面热辐射当量吸收系数的影响。计算表明,正六边形凹腔形式的吸收效果远好于正四棱锥形式,但这种结构形式的吸收有明显的方向性,正四棱锥形式对光线的吸收呈现各向同性。     

太空防御问题研究

空间战略对抗中的太空防御问题越来越引起人们的关注。主要介绍了美国太空防御的发展动态,分析了太空防御的技术特点。对太空防御技术的发展提出一些思考。     

KM6水平舱综合复压系统设计与仿真分析

综合复压系统是载人地面试验设备的重要分系统之一,主要用于载人试验一旦出现重大故障和事故时,对试验舱进行紧急复压,让舱体迅速恢复到正常大气压力环境。文章介绍了KM6水平舱综合复压系统的流程设计;对系统的紧急复压能力进行了数值计算和仿真分析,其结果与系统调试结果基本吻合。表明仿真模型的建立及分析正确可信,综合复压系统流程设计能够满足设计要求。     

基于CDMA蜂窝网的飞行器三维定位算法

针对中低空飞行器提出了一种将码分多址(CDMA)蜂窝网导频信号被动定位与惯性导航系统进行组合的导航定位方法。该定位方法是根据CDMA蜂窝网导频信号的到达时差（TDOA）进行两次加权最小二乘解算,并利用飞行器惯性组合的原始信息进行解模糊,从而实现中低空飞行器的三维实时定位。蒙特卡罗仿真证明：在高斯白噪声条件下,该算法运算速度快,精度高,其均方误差逼近克拉美罗下界（CRLB）,为组合导航实时性要求提供了理论参考。     

Comparative assessment of human–Mars-mission technologies and architectures

We compare a variety of mission scenarios to assess the strengths and weaknesses of options for Mars exploration. The mission design space is modeled along two dimensions: trajectory architectures and propulsion system technologies. We examine direct, semi-direct, stop-over, semi-cycler, and cycler architectures, and we include electric propulsion, nuclear thermal rockets, methane and oxygen production on Mars, Mars water excavation, aerocapture, and reusable propulsion systems in our technology assessment. The mission sensitivity to crew size, vehicle masses, and crew travel time is also examined. Many different combinations of technologies and architectures are applied to the same Mars mission to determine which combinations provide the greatest potential reduction in the injected mass to LEO. We approximate the technology readiness level of a mission to rank development risk, but omit development cost and time calculations in our assessment. It is found that Earth–Mars semi-cyclers and cyclers require the least injected mass to LEO of any architecture and that the discovery of accessible water on Mars has the most dramatic effect on the evolution of Mars exploration.     

Autonomous navigation of formation flying spacecrafts in deep space exploration and communication by hybrid navigation utilizing neural network filter

Autonomous navigation of spacecrafts is a difficult task, however, which is a must in future deep space exploration. With multiple spacecrafts flying in space, this aim can be achieved by formation flying spacecraft (FFS) utilizing inverse time difference of arrival (ITDOA) and inverse difference Doppler (IDD) methods, which can locate the position of earth-station from one-way uplink signals in the FFS coordinate, and by way of conversion of coordinates, the position of FFS is achieved in earth-centered earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate. The ability of neural network (NN) filter in navigation to extract position of spacecrafts from random measuring noise of signal arrival time and Doppler shift is studied with different radius of FFS and surveying parameters. The NN filter used by spacecraft group is new way of unidirectional autonomous navigation and is of high precision of hybrid navigation.     

Piloted operations at a near-Earth object (NEO)

In late 2006, NASA's Constellation Program sponsored a study to examine the feasibility of sending a piloted Orion spacecraft to a near-Earth object. NEOs are asteroids or comets that have perihelion distances less than or equal to 1.3 astronomical units, and can have orbits that cross that of the Earth. Therefore, the most suitable targets for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) are those NEOs in heliocentric orbits similar to Earth's (i.e. low inclination and low eccentricity). One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure of the United States Space Exploration Policy and is highly complementary to NASA's planned lunar sortie and outpost missions circa 2020. A human expedition to a NEO would not only underline the broad utility of the Orion CEV and Ares launch systems, but would also be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth–Moon system. These deep space operations will present unique challenges not present in lunar missions for the onboard crew, spacecraft systems, and mission control team. Executing several piloted NEO missions will enable NASA to gain crucial deep space operational experience, which will be necessary prerequisites for the eventual human missions to Mars.Our NEO team will present and discuss the following:

• new mission trajectories and concepts;

• operational command and control considerations;

• expected science, operational, resource utilization, and impact mitigation returns; and

• continued exploration momentum and future Mars exploration benefits.

基于神经网络和模糊逻辑的航空发动机状态监视

设计了基于神经网络和模糊逻辑的航空发动机状态监视系统,它包含数据有效性检查和发动机健康评估.系统利用BP(back propagation)神经网络对发动机进行数据有效性检查,根据发动机的状态确定测量参数的有效边界以检测发动机的测量参数是否超限;利用模糊逻辑对发动机健康状况进行实时的评估,监控发动机因性能蜕化引起的异常.通过对某型涡扇发动机仿真,验证了基于神经网络和模糊逻辑的状态监视系统的有效性.      

基于GA-BP贝叶斯算法的可靠性分析近似模型

研究了GA-BP(Genetic Algorithm-Backpropagation)贝叶斯算法在可靠性仿真中的应用.GA-BP贝叶斯算法是一种新型前馈神经网络训练算法,它建立在遗传算法(GA)、L-M(Levenberg-Marquardt) BP算法以及贝叶斯方法这三者的基础上.由于该算法的训练目标是获取对应于后验分布最大值的权值向量,并且在搜索过程中融入了遗传算法,因此能够使前馈神经网络具有更佳、更稳定的泛化性能.在可靠性仿真中,采用GA-BP贝叶斯算法来构造前馈神经网络近似模型,再用它来替代复杂费时的数值仿真程序进行Monte Carlo模拟,就能够在计算成本得到有效控制的同时获取随机输出变量的概率分布情况.     

基于Flowmaster的运输机供氧系统仿真

研究运输机供氧系统,建立相应的系统仿真模型,对整个管网系统中氧气的流动及分配进行仿真分析.系统由高压氧源、机组供氧点和座舱乘员供氧点3部分组成,各部分分别建模,然后集成系统;为了方便设计者针对不同的管路布置进行系统仿真分析,利用Flowmaster的外部元件模块开发出了氧气系统特有的元件,包括氧气调节器、减压器和快戴式氧气面罩;在某任务航程下利用此仿真模型对氧气系统进行了仿真计算,得到各气瓶耗氧量和各供氧点氧气流量的变化情况,验证了系统是否满足设计需求.