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981.
V.V. Velichko A.A. TikhomirovS.A. Ushakova N.A. TikhomirovaV.N. Shihov L.S. TirranenI.A. Gribovskaya 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The study addresses the possibility of long-duration operation of a higher plant conveyor, using a soil-like substrate (SLS) as the root zone. Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were used as study material. A chufa community consisting of 4 age groups and radish and lettuce communities consisting of 2 age groups were irrigated with a nutrient solution, which contained mineral elements extracted from the SLS. After each harvest, inedible biomass of the harvested plants and inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort were added to the SLS. The amounts of the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort to be added to the SLS were determined based on the nitrogen content of the edible mass of harvested plants. CO2 concentration in the growth chamber was maintained within the range of 1100–1700 ppm. The results of the study show that higher plants can be grown quite successfully using the proposed process of plant waste utilization in the SLS. The addition of chufa inedible biomass to the SLS resulted in species-specific inhibition of growth of both cultivated crops and microorganisms in the “higher plants – SLS” system. There were certain differences between the amounts of some mineral elements removed from the SLS with the harvested edible biomass and those added to it with the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort. 相似文献
982.
Yurii Balnokin Myasoedov Nikolai Popova Larisa Tikhomirov Alexander Ushakova Sofya Lasseur Christophe Gros Jean-Bernard 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
The purpose of this work was to develop technology for recycling NaCl containing in human liquid waste as intrasystem matter in a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). The circulation of Na+ and Cl− excreted in urine is achieved by inclusion of halophytes, i.e. plants that naturally inhabit salt-rich soils and accumulate NaCl in their organs. A model of Na+ and Cl− recycling in a BLSS was designed, based on the NaCl turnover in the human–urine–nutrient solution–halophytic plant–human cycle. The study consisted of (i) selecting a halophyte suitable for inclusion in a BLSS, and (ii) determining growth conditions supporting maximal Na+ and Cl− accumulation in the shoots of the halophyte growing in a nutrient solution simulating mineralized urine. For the selected halophytic plant, Salicornia europaea, growth rate under optimal conditions, biomass production and quantities of Na+ and Cl− absorbed were determined. Characteristics of a plant production conveyor consisting of S.europaea at various ages, and allowing continuity of Na+ and Cl− turnover, were estimated. It was shown that closure of the NaCl cycle in a BLSS can be attained if the daily ration of fresh Salicornia biomass for a BLSS inhabitant is approximately 360 g. 相似文献
983.
Aiming at parallel distributed constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection employing K/N fusion rule, an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm with interval encoding is proposed. N-1 local probabilities of false alarm are selected as optimization variables. And the encoding intervals for local false alarm probabilities are sequentially designed by the person-by-person optimization technique according to the constraints. By turning constrained optimization to unconstrained optimization, the problem of increasing iteration times due to the punishment technique frequently adopted in the genetic algorithm is thus overcome. Then this optimization scheme is applied to spacebased synthetic aperture radar (SAR) multi-angle collaborative detection, in which the nominal factor for each local detector is determined. The scheme is verified with simulations of cases including two, three and four independent SAR systems. Besides, detection performances with varying K and N are compared and analyzed. 相似文献
984.
M. Stasiak D. Gidzinski M. Jordan M. Dixon 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
As part of an ESA MELiSSA investigation into advanced life support (ALS) candidate crop cultivar selection and growth requirements, the University of Guelph’s Controlled Environment Systems Research Facility (CESRF) conducted a case study on growth and development of four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum var durum) grown hydroponically under controlled conditions in a sealed environment. Cultivars tested were Canadian developed Avonlea, Commander, Eurostar and Strongfield. There were few fundamental differences in durum quality parameters between hydroponically and field grown wheat, however yields of Eurostar and Strongfield exceeded those of field trials by 41% and 87% respectively. 相似文献
985.
Yu.A. Berkovich S.O. SmolyaninaN.M. Krivobok A.N. ErokhinA.N. Agureev N.A. Shanturin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
A Manned Mars Mission scenario had been developed in frame of the Project 1172 supported International Science & Technology Center in Moscow. The Mars transit vehicle (MTV) supposed to have a crew of 4–6 with Pilot Laboratory compartment volume of 185 m3 and with inner diameter of 4.1 m. A vegetable production facility with power consumption up to 10 kW is being considered as a component of the life support system to supply crew members by fresh vegetables during the mission. Proposed design of conveyor-type plant growth facility (PGF) comprised of 4-modules. Each module has a cylindrical planting surface and spiral cylindrical LED assembly to provide a high specific productivity relative to utilized onboard resources. Each module has a growth chamber that will be from 0.7 m to 1.5 m in length, and a crop illuminated area from 1.7 m2 to 4.0 m2. Leafy crops (cabbage, lettuce, spinach, chard, etc.) have been selected for module 1, primarily because of the highest specific productivity per consumed resources. Dietitians have recommended also carrot crop for module 2, pepper for module 3 and tomato for module 4. The maximal total PGF light energy estimated as 1.16 kW and total power consumption as about 7 kW. The module 1 characteristics have been calculated using own experimental data, information from the best on ground plant growth experiments with artificial light were used to predict crop productivity and biomass composition in the another modules. 4-module PGF could produce nearly 0.32 kg per crew member per day of fresh edible biomass, which would be about 50% of recommended daily vegetable supplement. An average crop harvest index is estimated as 0.75. The MTV food system could be entirely closed in terms of vitamins C and A with help of the PGF. In addition the system could provide 10–25% of essential minerals and vitamins of group B, and about 20% of food fibers. The present state of plant growth technology allows formulating of requirements specification for the flight-qualified modules. 相似文献
986.
孙杰 《长沙航空职业技术学院学报》2013,(4):29-33
从企业文化地位和作用的视角,探讨企业文化在海军装备保障企业建设发展中的地位和作用,提出了海军装备保障企业文化建设创新与发展的新思路。 相似文献
987.
针对含有不完全偏好信息的多属性决策问题,提出了基于先验概率优势关系的粗糙决策分析模型.首先分析了扩展优势关系和限制扩展优势关系的不足,在此基础上提出先验概率优势关系的概念,并得到先验概率优势关系下的粗糙近似;然后通过对比分析,证明了新模型较上述两种优势关系模型可使分类结果更加符合实际情况和人在数据处理过程中的直观感受.最后,通过一个实例验证了新方法的可行性和有效性. 相似文献
988.
当高速飞行器处于失稳失控等紧急情况时,现有航天器测控方法可能面临地面站天线无法及时跟踪和对准飞行器的问题,这将导致测控通信链路的中断,无法传输紧急的安控遥控指令。为了在飞行器失稳失控、非视距通信时与地面站维持通信,提出将短波通信应用于高速飞行器测控通信系统的应急通信,并进行非视距短波通信的飞行试验以验证方法的可行性。在试验中,地面站发射7 MHz的短波信号,高速飞行器内部安装的交流磁场计用于接收短波信号,获得了短波的磁场强度与飞行环境的本底噪声。试验结果表明,随着飞行器海拔的增加,磁场强度减小,高速飞行器始终能在非视距和天线不对准的情况下接收到短波信号,证实了短波应用于高速飞行器应急通信的可行性。试验是进一步验证高速飞行器在远距离、超视距以及拒止环境下应急通信的技术基础,同时,也为高速飞行器短波通信系统的研制提供重要的数据支撑。 相似文献
989.
990.
R.M. Wheeler C.A. Wehkamp M.A. Stasiak M.A. Dixon V.Y. Rygalov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Radish (Raphanus sativus), lettuce (Latuca sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants were grown at either 98 kPa (ambient) or 33 kPa atmospheric pressure with constant 21 kPa oxygen and 0.12 kPa carbon dioxide in atmospherically closed pressure chambers. All plants were grown rockwool using recirculating hydroponics with a complete nutrient solution. At 20 days after planting, chamber pressures were pumped down as rapidly as possible, reaching 5 kPa after about 5 min and ∼1.5 kPa after about 10 min. The plants were held at 1.5 kPa for 30 min and then pressures were restored to their original settings. Temperature (22 °C) and humidity (65% RH) controls were engaged throughout the depressurization, although temperatures dropped to near 16 °C for a brief period. CO2 and O2 were not detectable at the low pressure, suggesting that most of the 1.5 kPa atmosphere consisted of water vapor. Following re-pressurization, plants were grown for another 7 days at the original pressures and then harvested. The lettuce, radish, and wheat plants showed no visible effects from the rapid decompression, and there were no differences in fresh or dry mass when compared to control plants maintained continuously at 33 or 98 kPa. But radish storage root fresh mass and lettuce head fresh and dry masses were less at 33 kPa compared to 98 kPa for both the controls and decompression treatment. The results suggest that plants are extremely resilient to rapid decompression, provided they do not freeze (from evaporative cooling) or desiccate. The water of the hydroponic system was below the boiling pressure during these tests and this may have protected the plants by preventing pressures from dropping below 1.5 kPa and maintaining humidity near 1.5 kPa. Further testing is needed to determine how long plants can withstand such low pressure, but the results suggest there are at least 30 min to respond to catastrophic pressure losses in a plant production chamber that might be used for life support in space. 相似文献