高性能飞机发展对控制理论的挑战

根据笔者30余年来飞行试验研究的实践,从实际飞行的角度简要综述了影响飞行安全的大迎角过失速机动、超低空重载空投、飞行器突发故障和无人机控制方法研究。描述了操纵稳定性飞行试验获取飞机模型的手段和通常飞行控制器设计对模型的近似,给出了8个飞行鲁棒控制的研究问题;对超低空重载空投控制方法进行了描述,并给出了飞行器出现故障时突变模型和容错控制方法;同时,描述了测量对飞行控制特别是对保障无人机飞行安全的重要性,指出了飞行控制方法研究存在的部分问题,并建议有关高校研究单位从稳定性很好的四旋翼转向固定翼或单旋翼战术无人机等高层次研究。     

基于AHP-Entropy 综合权重法的航空四站装备保障安全评价

针对航空四站装备保障安全评价问题,提出了基于层次分析法和熵权法的综合权重模糊评价模型。在构 建航空四站装备保障安全评价指标体系的基础上,综合利用层次分析法、熵权法的优点,改进了权重确立方法。该 方法将影响因素的主观性与客观性相结合,得出各指标综合权重。通过模糊综合评价法对某航空四站装备保障实 例分析,结果表明该权重确立法客观合理,可为航空四站装备保障风险控制提供判断依据。     

民用飞机地面支援设备/工具清单编制方法研究

民用飞机地面支援设备/工具清单的编制是一项极其重要而又繁杂的工作。研究清单的编制原则、设备/工具的确定方法、清单的主要内容以及清单编制工作流程,可为地面支援设备/工具清单的编制工作提供参考。     

2.4米跨声速风洞条带悬挂支撑试验技术研究

为提高大型飞机风洞试验时的支撑系统刚度、降低支撑气动干扰以及实现真实船尾后体流动的模拟,在2.4米跨声速风洞中建立了条带悬挂支撑试验系统.主要包括专用试验段、条带支撑机构、控制系统、天平设备、标模及半弯刀尾支撑机构研制等六部分.系统研制成功后,在2.4米跨声速风洞中开展了流场调试及标模试验,分别采用风洞试验和数值模拟方法获取了条带悬支撑的干扰量.在某飞机高速风洞试验中,采用条带支撑系统,获得了飞机模型的气动特性,并与尾撑试验结果进行了对比.以条带支撑为辅助支撑,得到了尾支撑干扰量,与腹撑试验结果进行了对比.研究结果表明,条带悬挂支撑系统具备型号应用条件,同期重复性精度高,在-2°≤α≤2°范围内,重复性精度满足σCL≤0.0012,σCD≤0.00013,σCm≤0.0005,标模试验结果与国外风洞试验相关性较好;条带支撑干扰试验结果与数值模拟吻合较好,低亚声速时支撑干扰量较小,在-4°≤α≤10°范围内,M=0.6时的支撑干扰量ΔCL≤0.005,ΔCD≤0.0008,ΔCm≤0.005.     

Plants + soil/wetland microbes: Food crop systems that also clean air and water

The limitations that will govern bioregenerative life support applications in space, especially volume and weight, make multi-purpose systems advantageous. This paper outlines two systems which utilize plants and associated microbial communities of root or growth medium to both produce food crops and clean air and water. Underlying these approaches are the large numbers and metabolic diversity of microbes associated with roots and found in either soil or other suitable growth media. Biogeochemical cycles have microbial links and the ability of microbes to metabolize virtually all trace gases, whether of technogenic or biogenic origin, has long been established. Wetland plants and the rootzone microbes of wetland soils/media also been extensively researched for their ability to purify wastewaters of a great number of potential water pollutants, from nutrients like N and P, to heavy metals and a range of complex industrial pollutants. There is a growing body of research on the ability of higher plants to purify air and water. Associated benefits of these approaches is that by utilizing natural ecological processes, the cleansing of air and water can be done with little or no energy inputs. Soil and rootzone microorganisms respond to changing pollutant types by an increase of the types of organisms with the capacity to use these compounds. Thus living systems have an adaptive capacity as long as the starting populations are sufficiently diverse. Tightly sealed environments, from office buildings to spacecraft, can have hundreds or even thousands of potential air pollutants, depending on the materials and equipment enclosed. Human waste products carry a plethora of microbes which are readily used in the process of converting its organic load to forms that can be utilized by green plants. Having endogenous means of responding to changing air and water quality conditions represents safety factors as these systems operate without the need for human intervention. We review this research and the ability of systems using these mechanisms to also produce food or other useful crops. Concerns about possible pathogens in soils and wastewater are discussed along with some methods to prevent contact, disease transmission and to pre-screen and decrease risks. The psychological benefits of having systems utilizing green plants are becoming more widely recognized. Some recent applications extending the benefits of plants and microbes to solve new environmental problems are presented. For space applications, we discuss the use of in situ space resources and ways of making these systems compact and light-weight.     

无线网络弱硬实时调度算法

提出了一种结合信道状况考虑的(m, k)-firm弱硬实时调度算法.该算法将消息划分为强制(mandatory)和可选(optional)2种类型,并优先调度强制消息.消息的类型由线下静态分配和线上动态调整共同决定.其中,静态分配使用(m, k)-pattern分配消息类型,动态调整是在不违反(m, k)-firm约束的前提下尽力减少强制消息在差信道状况下传输.理论分析证明:①在假设所有强制消息都实时成功传输的前提下,经动态调整的消息集仍然满足(m, k)-firm;②在使用平均分布(m, k)-pattern时,动态调整之后不改变消息集中强制消息的N次重传可调度性.仿真结果表明,该算法与仅使用静态分配消息类型的算法比较,能够改善弱硬实时的可调度性能,节省无线网络中带宽和能耗的开销.      

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

压电偏摆镜快速精确控制研究

研究压电偏摆镜的快速精确控制系统.采用压电偏摆镜、电压放大器、位移传感器和实时控制系统AD5435搭建了闭环控制跟踪系统,根据压电系统动力学特性设计前馈-反馈复合控制器,采用闭环控制实验验证了压电偏摆镜的快速跟踪能力,对50 Hz谐波和三角波跟踪时,相对均方根误差小于3.6%.提出的压电偏摆镜精确跟踪控制设计方法可以应用在星载光机系统的精确扫描和抖振抑制等领域.     

舰载机着舰安全的多维状态空间分析

舰载机着舰过程涉及到来自人员、设备和环境等方面的众多因素,具有多变量非线性和强耦合性,对于实时有效地监控、判断着舰过程的安全状态并进行正确决策构成一定的困难.在阐述面向安全的多维状态空间的内涵的基础上,应用多元统计分析技术提出面向安全的多维状态空间的建模和分析方法,发现系统状态表征数据所反映的过程安全特性.以美军某型舰载机着舰过程统计数据为例,对影响机-舰系统安全状态的诸多变量的特征进行提取,建立面向着舰安全的多维状态空间模型,判定状态空间维数并确定对应的状态变量,为着舰过程的安全分析、监控和决策等提供依据,同时确保过程数据处理更为方便和简化.案例分析结果与真实数据统计结果之间基本保持一致,证实本方法具有较强的工程实用性和可信性.