基于多岛遗传算法的大型预应力钢丝缠绕承载机架成本优化方法(英文)

预应力钢丝缠绕机架(PWWF)是一种先进结构,是大型装备中价值为高的部件。由于PWWF是变刚度、非线性受力及变形自协调的多体混合结构,其传统的设计方法是极其复杂、反复迭代且成本难以控制。本文提出了基于多岛遗传算法的大型钢丝缠绕机架的成本优化方法。在变张力缠绕理论基础建立了预应力钢丝缠绕承载机架的优化设计流程和优化模型。并给出结合轴向载荷为6000KN的等静压设备机架的优化设计实例。与传统设计方法相比,优化成本降低约了21.6%。该优化结果已通过数值模拟方法验证,并成功应用于实际设备的制造中。结果表明,该优化方法合理、可靠。该方法为超546MN和907MN超大规格多机架结构的成本优化提供指导。     

试论资产评估

在改革开放过程中,经济生活中出现了许多新变化,尤其是产权转让过程中的资产评估是一个迫切需要解决的理论问题与实际问题。本文着重讨论资产评估的五个问题:资产评估的性质与内涵、资产评估的理论基础、资产评估的标准、资产评估的方法以及资产评估机构的设置。     

先进复合材料结构的制造成本估算

概述了复合材料制造成本的构成、估算方法的分类以及选择,阐述了复合材料制造成本估算的理论框架及可实际应用的标准工序建模流程和标准模块的概念模型,并指出了成本估算实际应用中的一些问题及解决途径。     

Launch cost reduction by the reuse of the core stage of Ariane 5

The high cost of launching payloads into Earth orbit is a main limiting factor on the development of space. In order to reduce the high cost of launch, reuse of (parts of) the launch vehicle is needed. This study analyses the possibilities of recovering and reusing the core stage of Ariane 5. Recovery of the core stage sets demands on re-entry trajectory, attitude, stability, thermal protection, structural strength, terminal deceleration, salt water protection, recovery and refurbishment. All these subject areas require solutions to their individual problems. Added subsystems to the stage are defined and their mass is determined. These masses are used to determine the financial feasibility of the recovery concept, by weighing the payload demise and operational cost against the gains of reduced production cost. It is concluded that the recovery is technologically feasible, using a detachable ablative heat shield on the nose of the stage and a stabilisation device (an inflatable drag cone), a parachute system and an engine enclosure device. Total mass of these systems is 1320 kg, with financial savings amounting to $8.5 million per flight.     

编制试飞工时,合理定位航空产品的价格

工时定额是构成产品成本的重要组成部份,试飞工时是产品工时不可缺少的一部份,对合理制定产品的价格有非常重要的作用。本文介绍了洪都集团编制试飞工时的主要作法和产生的效果。     

资产评估方法的横向比较和选择

横向对三种资产评估方法进行比较研究，以图表方式进行概括，以直观，明确的方法进行对比，从中总结出现规律性联系，并对其相互之间的选择原则进行探讨。     

带有启动费用与维持费用的动态批量问题

建立了带启动费用与维持费用的多产品动态批量问题模型，讨论了最优解的存在性及其特征，提出有效地解决上问题的分枝定界法。     

成本系统工程

本文用系统工程方法研究成本问题,提出了成本系统工程的概念。根据产品成本的全寿命周期,对制造企业的成本进行了分析,研究了开发成本、生产成本、管理成本与质量成本,探讨了降低制造成本的方法,提出了广义成本系统工程概念,分析了寿命与使用成本、批量与生产成本、技术与开发成本、人才与管理成本以及廉政与采购成本的关系。     

Hybrid partition- and network-level scheduling design for distributed integrated modular avionics systems

Distributed Integrated Modular Avionics (DIMA) develops from Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) and realizes distributed integration of multiple sub-function areas. Time-triggered network provides effective support for time synchronization and information coordination in DIMA systems. However, inconsistency between processing resources and communication network destroys the time determinism benefiting from partitions and time-triggered mechanism. To ensure such time determinism and achieve guaranteed real-time performance, system design should collectively provide a global communication scheme for messages in network domain and a corresponding execution scheme for partitions in processing domain. This paper firstly establishes a general DIMA model which coordinates partitioned processing and time-triggered communication, and then proposes a hybrid scheduling algorithm using Mixed Integer Programming to produce feasible system schemes. Furthermore, incrementally integrating new functions causes upgrades or reconfigurations of DIMA systems and will generate integration cost. To control such cost, this paper further develops an optimization algorithm based on Maximum Satisfiability Problem and guarantees that the scheduling design for upgraded DIMA systems inherit their original schemes as much as possible. Finally, two typical cases, including a simple fully connected DIMA system case and an industrial DIMA system case, are constructed to illustrate our DIMA model and validate the effectiveness of our hybrid scheduling algorithms.     

装备研制项目的模糊挣值管理方法

由于装备研制项目广泛存在着技术风险,其预算成本难以用确定数描述,而现有挣值管理技术通常用确定数描述项目费用基线,忽视了项目的技术风险因素。为此,将技术风险引入挣值管理(EVM)方法,提出了一种装备研制项目的模糊挣值管理(FEVM)改进方法。该方法充分考虑了装备研制中的技术风险问题,利用技术成熟度(TRL)对项目计划成本进行估算,在此基础上,利用模糊数学理论,给出了一种基于可能度的高风险项目的成本和进度的模糊评价标准,并对项目的完工成本(ECC)和完工时间(ECT)进行了模糊预测。最后,通过案例对文中的方法进行了阐述。该方法针对装备研制项目技术风险大的特点,进一步拓展了挣值管理的适用性,对于决策者控制风险、保证项目的费用和进度具有一定指导意义和参考价值。