TC17钛合金激光喷丸应力场及支持向量机应力热松弛模型

对TC17钛合金进行了不同功率密度下激光喷丸强化,使用X射线衍射仪测试了激光喷丸冲击波诱导的残余压应力场的分布,测试了不同温度真空保温下残余压应力的热松弛规律,最后基于支持向量机理论建立了残余压应力热松弛预测模型,并用试验结果对模型进行验证.研究表明:TC17钛合金在功率密度为4GW/cm2时表层残余压应力场最佳;残余压应力在280℃和450℃真空保温150min后分别有11.24%和27.11%的松弛;在280℃和450℃交替保温160min后应力松弛33.9%;残余压应力在试验温度保温160min后有大部分剩余,可以有效提高TC17钛合金抗疲劳性能、基于支持向量机的预测模型能够较精确的表征TC17钛合金的应力松弛规律,满足工程使用要求,对其他材料表层残余压应力热松弛分析具有借鉴意义.      

Asymptotic Performance of Sparse Signal Detection Using Convex Programming Method

The detection of sparse signals against background noise is considered. Detecting signals of such kind is difficult since only a small portion of the signal carries information. Prior knowledge is usually assumed to ease detection. In this paper, we consider the general unknown and arbitrary sparse signal detection problem when no prior knowledge is available. Under a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis-testing framework, a new detection scheme is proposed by combining a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT)-like test statistic and convex programming methods which directly exploit sparsity in an underdetermined system of linear equations. We characterize large sample behavior of the proposed method by analyzing its asymptotic performance. Specifically, we give the condition for the Chernoff-consistent detection which shows that the proposed method is very sensitive to the 2 norm energy of the sparse signals. Both the false alarm rate and the miss rate tend to zero at vanishing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as long as the signal energy grows at least logarithmically with the problem dimension. Next we give a large deviation analysis to characterize the error exponent for the Neyman-Pearson detection. We derive the oracle error exponent assuming signal knowledge. Then we explicitly derive the error exponent of the proposed scheme and compare it with the oracle exponent. We complement our study with numerical experiments, showing that the proposed method performs in the vicinity of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) method in the finite sample scenario and the error probability degrades exponentially with the number of observations.     

TA15 合金高温应力松弛和流变应力行为

对TA15合金进行600～ 700℃下的应力松弛试验和675～800℃下的单向拉伸试验,研究其应力松弛行为的特征及影响因素,得出TA15合金在高温下的流变应力行为规律.结果表明,在600 ～ 700℃下TA15合金应力松弛行为可以分为两个阶段:第一阶段为应力松弛过程前100 s,试样内的残余应力快速下降;第二阶段残余应力下降缓慢,经过1 500s后剩余应力基本不变,趋向于某一个极限值;温度对应力松弛影响很大,温度越高,应力松弛越快;初应力、预应变、轧制方向对应力松弛影响不大,且随温度的升高影响变小.在675 ～800℃下TA15合金流变应力随温度的升高而降低,通过对单拉试验数据进行拟合,得出TA15合金流动应力符合第一类本构方程.     

求解双曲型守恒律的五阶松弛格式

给出了一种求解一维双曲型守恒律的五阶松弛格式.该格式以五阶WENO重构和显隐式Runge-Kutta方法为基础.本文格式保持了松弛格式简单的优点,即不用Riemann解算器和计算非线性通量函数的雅可比矩阵.用该格式对一维Euler方程进行了数值试验,并与三阶和四阶松弛格式的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明本文的格式具有更低的数值耗散和更高的分辨率.     

已知初始匹配对的图像四元松弛匹配算法

提出了已知初始匹配对的四元松弛匹配算法,该算法以向量旋转角的旋转和缩放不变性特征作为匹配对的优化准则,首先计算向量旋转角度差值,然后通过构造支持度函数和剔除策略选出最优匹配对.在初始错误匹配比例较高和游动误差较大的情况下能够实现正确匹配.通过大量图像实验证明,该算法在匹配速度和正确率上优于桑农松弛匹配算法.     

HTPB推进剂力学性能散布与确定变量相关性研究

针对复合固体推进剂力学性能存在散布的问题,通过方差分析试验,研究了松弛模量和泊松比的散布与确定变量之间的相关性。建立了力学性能散布的方差分析模型,分析了散布的变化规律,并对导致变化的原因进行了讨论。结果表明,松弛模量的散布受温度和载荷作用时间影响显著;泊松比的散布在不同的应变阶段差异较大,结构损伤的不确定性是导致泊松比散布变大的主要原因;玻璃化转变及结构失效会引起力学性能的很大散布。     

On solving multi-commodity flow problems: An experimental evaluation

Multi-commodity flow problems (MCFs) can be found in many areas,such as transportation,communication,and logistics.Therefore,such problems have been studied by a multitude of researchers,and a variety of methods have been proposed for solving it.However,most researchers only discuss the properties of different models and algorithms without taking into account the impacts of actual implementation.In fact,the true performance of a method may differ greatly across various implementations.In this paper,several popular optimization solvers for implementations of column generation and Lagrangian relaxation are discussed.In order to test scalability and optimality,three groups of networks with different structures are used as case studies.Results show that column generation outperforms Lagrangian relaxation in most instances,but the latter is better suited to networks with a large number of commodities.     

A magnetic explanation for the rapid burster

The observations of X-ray Type II bursts from the low-mass X-ray binary MXB 1730-335 can be explained by a particular form of magnetic gating in the presence of steady external accretion. The requirements are a strong magnetic field of the neutron star (7×10¹¹–2×10¹² gauss at the surface), rotational symmetry and alignment of the field axis with the axis of a steadily accreting disk to within 6°.     

圆棒拉伸试样蠕变过程中的应力应变分布分析

对光滑及切口圆棒试样进行有限元蠕变分析,得到了蠕变过程时的应力应变分布。在相同的平均净拉伸蠕变应力下,切口的存在使得最小截面上的平均Mises应力和平均轴向应力小于光滑试样。切口还导致蠕变时的应力松弛并使得试样的最大应力不再发生在切口根部。这可以用来简单解释切口对试样断裂寿命的影响。     

非离子表面活性剂在水流中的减阻机理

为探讨非离子表面活性剂的减阻机理,在实验确认表面活性剂APG水溶液（Alkyl Polyglucoside）具有湍流减阻功效的基础上,对其剪切粘度、应力松弛特性以及剪切双折射效应,使用锥板流变仪及流动双折射测试仪进行了实验研究。最大减阻率可达70％的APG水溶液,其剪切粘度在低剪切速率区域表现为牛顿流体特性,在大于临界剪切速率区域表现为“SIS”（Shear—Induced Structure）,呈现非牛顿流体特性;APG水溶液的剪切应力松弛特性与纯水基本相似,表明“SIS”并不具有粘弹性特性。由剪切双折射效应证实的的棒状胶束聚合结构和具有的较大拉伸粘度可认为是APG水溶液能够实现湍流减阻的主要原因。