非恒定增压式微尺度拉瓦尔喷管流动特性

针对微尺度喷流在航天器运动状态切换时出现的非恒定增压变化,采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法对阶跃式增压和线性式增压两种模式下的微尺度拉瓦尔喷管流场进行了模拟,并对其变化过程中的流动特性进行了对比分析。结果显示：阶跃式增压会导致流动特性出现较大幅值的峰谷式波动,而线性式增压下的流动特性则呈现出线性变化的特点;黏性力对微尺度喷流的非恒定增压变化产生了重要的黏滞作用,在喉部扩张段至出口的流场中尤为明显;在设定的条件下,阶跃式增压过程中喷流产生的总冲量较线性式增压高59.5%,质量流量高74.7%,单位工质提供的冲量低约8.6%,波动性也高于线性式模型,阶跃式增压适用于系统需要较大推力改变运动状态且推进剂充足的情况,而线性式增压在系统精确微调或需要推进剂产生更高效能时具有明显的优势。     

多芯片组件（MCM）用金锡焊带材料电阻率及热导率温度特性研究

对牌号为Au₈₀Sn₂₀的金锡焊带材料在208~423 K的电阻率及热导率与温度的函数关系进行了研究,并对其在多芯片组件（MCM）中的传热效果进行了评估。分别对材料在208~423 K中5个温度点的电阻率及4个温度点的热导率进行了测试,基于理论模型建立电阻率/热导率随温度变化的函数关系,最终采用模拟热扩散数值方法评估材料在高温下的传热能力。结果表明,采用修正函数模型后,金锡焊带材料在208~423 K下热导率与电阻率的关系符合测试结果,随芯片表面温度的边界条件从208 K升高至423 K,采用变温热导率模型得到的热流密度模拟计算结果相比理想化恒定热导率模型的差异性逐渐升高至5.5%。综上,金锡焊带材料热导率与电阻率的关系符合Wiedemann-Franz法则修正后的Smith-Palmer方程,在该材料传热设计时应考虑其热导率温度效应。     

类IXV飞行器初期再入制导与姿态控制方法研究

摘要： 针对类IXV飞行器无翼式升力体构型及采用RCS/尾襟翼组合控制特点,研究其初期再入段的高精度制导与姿态控制方法.设计带过程约束的数值预测 校正制导律以提高制导系统的鲁棒性及精确性;根据其执行机构配置特点,设计基于RCS的航向控制律及基于RCS/气动舵的纵、横向复合控制律,并采用鲁棒伺服LQR技术进行控制参数快速设计.通过蒙特卡洛打靶仿真来验证算法的精度及鲁棒性.     

新电位移边界条件下的压电介质断裂问题

应用边界元法,并结合一种特殊的复变函数基本解,研究了压电介质的断裂问题。由于该基本解完全遵循本构方程没有对电位移边界作假设,所以结论同非穿透性裂纹假设的结果有较大差异。通过计算表明,外加力载荷不但会引起裂纹尖端应力奇异性,也会引起电场奇异性,同样,外加电压也会引起裂纹尖端应力奇异性。     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

Mean energy of response to galactic cosmic ray spectrum: IMP 8 and Climax neutron monitor

Solar modulations of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity contain a wealth of information about their transport in the heliosphere. To extract this information from the data one studies the dependence of the observed modulations on the mean energy of response of detectors providing data for the analyses. There is a great deal of confusion about the detector energy response to GCR spectrum in the literature. We present a preliminary report on the computations of the mean energy of response for the Climax neutron monitor (CL/NM) and IMP 8 cosmic ray nuclear composition instrument to GCR protons for 1973–1998, covering the solar cycles 21 and 22. We find that for penetrating proton channel on IMP 8 the mean energy changes by a factor of over two whereas for the neutron monitor the change is only 21%. However, the corresponding change for the computed modulation function is a factor of about 3.5.     

Remote upgrading of a space-borne instrument

The main purposes of experiment “Obstanovka” (“Environment” in Russian) consisting of several instruments are to measure a set of electromagnetic and plasma phenomena characterizing the space weather conditions, and to evaluate how such a big and highly energy consuming body as the International Space Station disturbs the surrounding plasma, and how the station itself is charged due to the operation of so many instruments, solar batteries, life supporting devices, etc. Two identical Langmuir electrostatic probes are included in the experiment “Obstanovka”. In this paper the Langmuir probes for “Obstanovka” experiment are described, including the choice of geometry (spherical or cylindrical), a more reliable method for the sweep voltage generation, an adaptive algorithm for the probe’s operation. Special attention is paid to the possibility for remote upgrading of the instrument from the ground using the standard communication channels.     

一种基于OPTICS聚类的仅测角导航目标检测算法

仅测角自主导航方法具有设备简单、复杂度低,功耗低的优点,在空间任务中具有广泛的应用前景.针对中远距离下空间目标特征少的特点,提出了一种利用基于OPTICS聚类算法的空间目标检测方法,可用于仅测角导航过程中的目标检测.对原始星图进行预处理提取星点及目标点,并结合星图识别的结果选择部分帧,使用经过改进的OPTICS聚类方法获得目标运动轨迹.最后,使用本文中的算法对软件仿真出的含有目标的高精度星图进行处理验证了算法的可行性.在卫星相对于空间目标抵近过程中,目标检测的水平误差及垂直误差小于0.15°的帧数分别占到了85.4%以及99.6%.相比AVANTI实验中的目标检测方法,减少了在轨任务中相关参数的调节,进一步提升了算法的自主性.     

浅议我国个人所得税实施中存在的问题及解决对策

个人所得税在调节个人收入、增加财政收入、维护国家权益等方面发挥了积极作用,但是随着我国经济的发展,在实施个人所得税中也逐渐暴露出一些问题.本文针对这些问题,进行了深刻的分析,并提出了解决的对策.     

减少机床噪声污染的方法

噪声污染已成为世界三大污染之一.在工业企业中机床噪声是重要的噪声污染源之一.本文主要从机床的齿轮传动、轴承的选用和齿轮箱的结构等方面对机床噪声产生的影响以及提出相应的降噪措施进行了探讨.从而降低机床噪声,保障工人身心健康,改善车间工作环境.