Influence of fuel injection position and equivalent mixture ratio on chemical non-equilibrium effects of single expansion ramp nozzle

Chemical non-equilibrium flow was investigated for the scramjet single expansion ramp nozzle(SERN) with a strut-based liquid-kerosene-fueled combustor.Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations were solved with the species conservation equation for continuous phase and the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model.Lagrangian discrete-phase model was analyzed for liquid-kerosene droplets behavior in the supersonic stream.Combustion was simulated by kerosene surrogate fuel's 10-species and 13-step reduced reaction kinetics mechanism with use of Arrhenius's laminar finite rate model.Parametric studies were carried out to estimate the influence of different fuel injection positions and equivalent mixture ratios on the SERN chemical non-equilibrium effects.Numerical calculation results show that the strut-based combustor enables convenient modeling of various SERN entry conditions,which is similar with many preceding investigations,by changing the injector strut position and controlling the mass flow rate of each injector.Chemical non-equilibrium effects function in the whole SERN,especially in the initial flow expansion region,leads to obviously higher SERN performance of the non-equilibrium flow than that of the frozen flow.Furthermore,the distributed fuel injection pattern plays a significant role in enhancing the combustion efficiency in combustor,but weakening the chemical non-equilibrium effects funciton in SERN.Additionally,while the equivalent mixture ratio increases,the SERN thrust coefficient and lift coefficient rise gradually,and the increment of non-equilibrium flow in relation to frozen flow becomes higher as well.To be specific,the equivalent mixture ratio is 0.6,the maximum increment of thrust coefficient and lift coefficient are 11.6% and 25% respectively.      

气体涡轮燃烧室流动与燃烧三维数值模拟

用三维湍流N -S方程和单步快速不可逆化学反应描述涡轮燃烧室内的流动与燃烧过程。采用非交错网格中的SIMPLE算法求解控制方程并对涡轮燃烧室内的流动与燃烧过程进行三维数值模拟 ,得到了有代表性的圆筒形燃烧室内燃气参数的详细分布情况。模拟结果表明 :对圆筒形涡轮燃烧室内的流动和燃烧而言 ,预计结果与测量结果趋势相同。本文是研究涡轮燃烧室的初步尝试     

铜基高温钎料中钴作用机制的研究

探讨了Cu-Zn-Mn-Co钎料中钴的变质剂作用机理,为高温钎料的研制提供了实验基础研究。     

镍基超合金再铸层化学研磨去除的实验研究

研究了镍基超合金激光／电火花打孔再铸层的物理化学特性，并报道了DZ125、ЖKC6y、K24、DD3、DD6以及IC10等合金的化学研磨处理对基材腐蚀及其力学性能与热疲劳性能的影响等。实验研究表明：镍基超合金的激光／电火花再铸层有着不同于其本身原始铸态的化学性能，采用适当的化学研磨介质和优化的化学研磨条件可以快速有效地去除再铸层，使孔圆整光滑而不损伤合金基体、不降低基体的力学性能，并且可提高孔的热疲劳性能，由此可望实现镍基超合金涡轮叶片“三无”气膜孔的激光／电火花打孔 化学研磨复合法高效高质量制造。     

Galactic Wind: Mass Fractionation and Cosmic Ray Acceleration

The dynamical and chemical effects of the Galactic Wind are discussed. This wind is primarily driven by the pressure gradient of the Cosmic Rays. Assuming the latter to be accelerated in the Supernova Remnants of the disk which at the same time produce the Hot Interstellar Medium, it is argued that the gas removed by the wind is enriched in the nucleosynthesis products of Supernova explosions. Therefore the moderate mass loss through this wind should still be able to remove a substantial amount of metals, opening the way for stars to produce more metals than observed in the disk, by e.g. assuming a Salpeter-type stellar initial mass function beyond a few Solar masses. The wind also allows a global, physically appealing interpretation of Cosmic Ray propagation and escape from the Galaxy. In addition the spiral structure of the disk induces periodic pressure waves in the expanding wind that become a sawtooth shock wave train at large distances which can re-accelerate “knee” particles coming from the disk sources. This new Galactic Cosmic Ray component can reach energies of a few×10¹⁸ eV and may contribute to the juncture between the particles of Galactic and extragalactic origin in the observed overall Cosmic Ray spectrum.     

极性面导致新型纳米结构的生长

以氧化锌粉为原料,采用化学气相沉积的方法,通过控制沉积温度、压强、沉积时间等实验条件获得了2种氧化锌纳米材料的新形貌。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线能谱仪等仪器进行了表征,并对氧化锌纳米材料的生长机制进行了探讨。     

燃料组分差异对贫油熄火边界的影响

为了推进替代燃料的多元化,扩大航空燃料的组分分布。以标准航空煤油为基准,研究了柴油和高沸点费托油对燃烧室贫油熄火边界的影响。实验采用单头部燃烧室,通过改变燃烧室进出口压力,研究其熄火边界的变化规律,并分析了其与理化性质和组成的关联关系。结果显示在220kPa的出口压力下,航空煤油的熄火性能略优于另外两种燃油,高沸点费托油相比航空煤油熄火边界窄5%,而在140kPa的低压条件下,高沸点费托油的熄火边界相比航空煤油拓宽了8%。分析得到整体上低沸点烷烃和直链烷烃的熄火性能较好。      

钝体稳定射流火焰的火焰面模型数值研究

基于稳态火焰面(SLFM)和交互式非稳态欧拉颗粒火焰面(EPFM)模型对Sydney大学CH4/H2钝体稳定湍流扩散火焰行了数值研究,采用修正的雷诺应力模型(RSM),同时对两种不同规模的甲烷详细化学反应动力学机理进行研究,比较了燃烧模型和反应机理对湍流火焰结构、活性自由基以及氮氧化物预测精度的影响,与实验数据对比结果表明:两种反应机理得到的温度场和主要组分分布基本相同;SLFM模型能对速度场和标量场的分布进行较为准确预测,采用EPFM模型修正后,部分区域OH预测结果更加靠近实验结果;采用EPFM模型对SLFM模型耦合GRI-Mech 211的计算结果修正后,NO量级降低近2倍,预测精度明显改善,与实验结果实现较好的符合,验证了化学反应动力学机理以及非稳态效应对氮氧化物预测精度的影响。     

模型烧蚀对尾迹电子特性影响的计算和实验研究

 基于气动物理研究的需要,针对高焓风洞的来流特点,采用计算和实验相结合的方法研究聚丙烯烧蚀对尾迹电子密度的影响。结果表明：计算结果可以有效模拟实验状态,电子密度的模拟精度有很大提高,误差在一个量级内;聚丙烯烧蚀可以降低尾迹的电子密度,但幅度不大,在2倍左右,其与选择模型材料的催化特性降低幅度相当;对电弧风洞的成功改进和非稀薄流静电探针诊断技术的应用,是尾迹电子密度测试的前提保障。     

驻点壁面催化速率常数确定的研究

以平衡流动作为热环境估算的依据,提出了用数值求解非平衡Navier-Stokes方程和实验测量热流值确定模型表面材料催化速率常数的方法。用5组分17个化学反应Durm-Kang空气化学模型和轴对称热化学非平衡Navier-Stokes方程,对激波管中球头和平头圆柱模型绕流流场进行了数值模拟,给出了驻点热流随催化速率常数变化的分布,并根据激波管实验测量的热流值确定了表面材料Pt、SiO2、Ni和某种飞船材料的催化速率常数,建立了数值分析高焓流动边界层催化特性的软件。