Spaceflight-relevant types of ionizing radiation and cortical bone: Potential LET effect?

Extended exposure to microgravity conditions results in significant bone loss. Coupled with radiation exposure, this phenomenon may place astronauts at a greater risk for mission-critical fractures. In a previous study, we identified a profound and prolonged loss of trabecular bone (29–39%) in mice following exposure to an acute, 2 Gy dose of radiation simulating both solar and cosmic sources. However, because skeletal strength depends on trabecular and cortical bone, accurate assessment of strength requires analysis of both bone compartments. The objective of the present study was to examine various properties of cortical bone in mice following exposure to multiple types of spaceflight-relevant radiation. Nine-week old, female C57BL/6 mice were sacrificed 110 days after exposure to a single, whole body, 2 Gy dose of gamma, proton, carbon, or iron radiation. Femora were evaluated with biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography, quantitative histomorphometry, percent mineral content, and micro-hardness analysis. Compared to non-irradiated controls, there were significant differences compared to carbon or iron radiation for only fracture force, medullary area and mineral content. A greater differential effect based on linear energy transfer (LET) level may be present: high-LET (carbon or iron) particle irradiation was associated with a decline in structural properties (maximum force, fracture force, medullary area, and cortical porosity) and mineral composition compared to low-LET radiation (gamma and proton). Bone loss following irradiation appears to be largely specific to trabecular bone and may indicate unique biological microenvironments and microdosimetry conditions. However, the limited time points examined and non-haversian skeletal structure of the mice employed highlight the need for further investigation.     

Studies on urine treatment by biological purification using Azolla and UV photocatalytic oxidation

The amount of water consumed in space station operations is very large. In order to reduce the amount of water which must be resupplied from Earth, the space station needs to resolve the problems of water supply. For this reason, the recovery, regeneration and utilization of urine of astronauts are of key importance. Many investigations on this subject have been reported. Our research is based on biological absorption and, purification using UV photocatalytic oxidation techniques to achieve comprehensive treatment for urine. In the treatment apparatus we created, the urine solution is used as part of the nutrient solution for the biological components in our bioregenerative life support system. After being absorbed, the nutrients from the urine were then decomposed, metabolized and purified which creates a favorable condition for the follow-up oxidation treatment by UV photocatalytic oxidation. After these two processes, the treated urine solution reached Chinese national standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-1985).     

某重型燃气轮机涡轮部件结构设计分析

简要分析了某重型燃气轮机的气冷叶片、叶尖间隙、整体蜂窝外环和后支承环组件等涡轮部件结构设计的一些独特设计思路和方法。     

松质骨微观骨小梁结构的生物力学综合分析

股骨松质骨具有骨小梁的微观结构特性,影响了股骨的整体力学性能,找到适当的单元形状与骨小梁分布特点可以有效地进行股骨生物力学特性分析．采用不同结构的微观骨小梁单元模型分析各单元的生物力学特性,并采用快速成形样件力学实验和有限元分析相结合的方法,对由不同骨小梁单元及不同分布形式构成的股骨模型进行生物力学分析,找到了较好的微观骨小梁单元模型及总体布局形式,获得了快速成形样件实验分析与有限元分析2种结果的综合分析,并应用于股骨松质骨建模．所获得的微观单元优化结构可以有效地应用于仿生结构材料的制造．      

化学镀镍废液再生

研究了采用可溶性钙盐对以乳酸为络合剂,次磷酸盐为还原剂的失效化学镀镍溶液的再生。在pH=5.6～5.8,温度为45～50℃范围内,搅拌2h,陈化0.5h的情况下,可溶性钙盐使失效溶液中亚磷酸盐含量从156g/L下降到23.06g/L,而镍盐和次磷酸盐的损耗量极小。再生后镀液的镀速和外观都与新配槽液相当。     

太阳扇愈伤组织培养及植株再生体系建立

以太阳扇（Scaevola aemula）嫩叶、老叶、茎段、茎节为材料进行外植体筛选;以太阳扇嫩叶为外植体,研究愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及增殖、生根培养的适宜条件.结果表明：嫩叶为太阳扇愈伤组织诱导最佳外植体;MS＋6-BA 0.50mg/L＋2,4-D 0.20mg/L为愈伤组织诱导最佳培养基;MS＋6-BA 0.50mg/L＋NAA 0.10mg/L为芽分化最佳培养基,分化率可达96.5%;1/2MS＋NAA 0.01mg/L为芽增殖最佳培养基,增殖系数最高可达3.33;糖浓度、NAA均影响太阳扇无菌苗生根,1/2MS＋NAA 0.02mg/L＋蔗糖30g/L为生根培养最适培养基;g腐殖质∶g珍珠岩∶g细土=2∶1∶1为组培苗移栽最佳基质,移栽成活率达75%.     

城市更新中的遗产保护

在城市快速发展过程中,城市更新作为城市改造、再生和复兴的重要手段,逐渐受到地方政府和专业技术人员的关注。当前城市更新过程中普遍存在简单化清除的现象,居民需求和城市历史文脉的延续之间存在明显的矛盾,遗产保护在城市更新中受到很大的负面影响。本文通过对英国和台湾城市更新中遗产保护经验的总结和归纳,为我国发展遗产保护引导型的城市更新提供有效适用的参考和借鉴。     

弹道导弹发射点位置的弹道重构寻优估计

依据弹道导弹被动段的测量信息,提出了发射点位置的初始解析估计方法,并在此基础上提出了弹道重构寻优估计策略及方法,进一步提高发射点位置估计精度,完成了方法的数值仿真验证,在中远程弹道导弹预警中有一定的参考价值。