Effects of simulated weightlessness on the intestinal mucosal barrier of rats

This study employed a rat tail-suspension model to investigate the effects of simulated weightlessness on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (CON), 14-day tail-suspension (SUS-14d), and 21-day tail-suspension (SUS-21d) groups (n = 8 per group). Expression of occludin and zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1), proteins of the tight junction (TJ), in the intestinal mucosa was measured by immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and mRNA fluorescent quantitation PCR. Plasma concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactate were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric assay. Expression of occludin and ZO-1 was reduced in the SUS-14d and SUS-21d groups as compared to the CON group, with lowest expression observed in the SUS-21d group (P < 0.01). Examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the jejunal epithelium revealed increased intercellular space, decreased TJ and desmosome densities, and destruction of microvilli in the SUS-14d and SUS-21d groups. Plasma DAO and d-lactate concentrations in the SUS-21d group were higher than those in SUS-14d group and significantly higher than those in the CON group (P < 0.01). In all three groups, the expression of occludin and ZO-1 was found to correlate negatively with DAO (P < 0.01) and d-lactate (P < 0.01) concentrations. It is concluded that simulated weightless results in down-regulation of expression of TJ proteins in the rat intestinal mucosa. Simulated weightlessness is proposed to increase intestinal permeability through damage to the TJ.     

X-rays from the first massive black holes

X-ray studies of high-redshift (z > 4) active galaxies have advanced substantially over the past few years, largely due to results from the new generation of X-ray observatories. As of this writing X-ray emission has been detected from nearly 60 high-redshift active galaxies. This paper reviews the observational results and their implications for models of the first massive black holes, and it discusses future prospects for the field.     

带热障涂层钛合金的蠕变性能

以提高钛合金的抗蠕变性能为目的,在TA32钛合金基体上制备由NiCrAlY黏接层(BC)与氧化钇稳定二氧化锆陶瓷层(TC)组成的热障涂层(TBCs),对带TBCs钛合金抗蠕变性能进行实验与数值模拟研究。结果表明:TA32与TBCs的蠕变速率相差较大,在高温拉伸时TC会对BC和基体的蠕变变形产生明显的约束效应,且TBCs中BC承受的轴向拉伸应力较大。在400 ℃和600 ℃实验温度下,TBCs可将TA32的抗蠕变性能分别提升56%与175%,但当实验温度达到600 ℃、拉伸应力达到200 MPa时,TC发生了严重的开裂与剥落。     

一种用于临近空间飞行器的吸气式电推进技术

针对低速临近空间飞行器提出了一种新型吸气式电推进方案,该方案采用单介质阻挡放电（SDBD）作为等离子体源,因此能在较大气压范围（数Pa~1atm）内电离大气产生等离子体并产生推力。为探究该吸气式电推进方案的推力性能,测量了实验样机在多个气压和电压条件下产生的推力。推力测量结果显示在10~90kPa气压范围内,实验样机产生的推力在10 2~10 3μN量级;气压一定时,产生的推力与驱动电压呈幂次相关;而电压一定时,随着气压自1atm逐渐降低,产生的推力先增大后减小,且达到最大推力的气压与所加驱动电压相关。     

Multi-objective output-feedback control for microsatellite attitude control: An LMI approach

Mixed H₂/H_∞ output-feedback controller with pole placement constraints against the internal uncertainty of moment-of-inertia variation and space environmental disturbances is proposed for mircosatellite attitude control. The multi-objective controller is designed based on linear model of attitude dynamics. The H_∞ performance takes into account both robustness stability against moments-of-inertia uncertainty and the disturbance rejection aspect. H₂ performance takes into account the LQG aspect which avoids the undesirable wheels’ saturation effect. In addition, the closed-loop poles can be forced into some sector of the stable half-plane to obtain well-damped transient responses. The problem is then reduced to a convex optimization involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), so it can be efficiently solved. The simulation results demonstrate that the presented mixed H₂/H_∞ control system is robust stable and optimal in the sense of H₂ norm, and has good steady-state and dynamic performances against the parameter uncertainties and various disturbances for the microsatellite attitude control system.     

表面处理对热障涂层界面微结构的影响

采用真空电弧离子镀技术在单晶高温合金DD32上制备HY5金属粘结层,通过振动光饰、吹砂2种不同的表面处理方法改变粘结层表面状态,再在粘结层表面利用电子束物理气相沉积技术制备陶瓷层。研究了不同处理方法对粘结层表面状态的影响;测试了不同表面处理方法下制备的热障涂层的高温氧化性能并对比分析了它们的变化规律。此外,探讨了不同表面处理方法对界面元素成分及失效特征的影响。研究结果表明,通过表面处理可以去除粘结层表面较大的凸起,提高表面平整度,提高热障涂层抗氧化性能。与粗糙界面相比,光滑界面形成的TGO层均匀致密,Al含量高。经长时间的高温氧化后,粗糙界面的TGO层出现明显皱曲现象,陶瓷层开裂剥落。     

航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层应用的关键技术和问题

热障涂层是提高涡轮叶片可靠性和服役寿命的关键技术。从热障涂层的粘结层与涡轮叶片高温合金基体的匹配性、CMAS(一种基于CaO、MgO、Al2O3和Si O2等多种氧化物构成的环境沉积物)形成及其对热障涂层的损伤和相应的防护、叶片热障涂层厚度分布的过程控制、热障涂层制备过程中气膜孔缩孔、热障涂层的在线无损检测及涂层返修以满足涡轮叶片全寿命周期需求等方面论述了航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层工程应用技术和需要解决的实际问题。     

单阳膜电渗析处理草浆黑液碱回收的研究

为有效治理草浆黑液的污染 ,提高草浆黑液的综合利用率 ,本文针对碱法草浆黑液的特性 ,对单阳膜电渗析技术回收草浆黑液中残碱的可行性进行了研究。研究结果表明 :采用单阳膜电渗析技术回收草浆黑液中的碱 ,技术上是可行的 ;在本试验条件下 ,碱回收受操作电压、操作时间以及强制搅拌等因素的影响 ;综合考虑选用4 .5 V的操作电压、30 min的处理时间 ,经过处理后 ,黑液中 90 %的碱被有效回收 ,其中电流效率大于 70 % ,每吨回收碱的能耗为 4 2 0 0 k W· h左右     

带热障涂层导向器叶片二维温度场及热应力分析

本文针对某型发动机带涂层导向器叶片在设计状态时的温度和应力分布进行了有限元分析与研究。陶瓷热障涂层的本构模型采用了先进的 Walker粘塑性本构理论 ,并在分析中考虑到了由于电子束物理起相沉积 ( EB-PVD)涂层柱状结构在结构分析时的处理方法。分析比较不同陶瓷隔热层厚度 ( 0 .2 5 ,0 .1 2 5 mm)、不同类型涂层 (等离子、EB-PVD)的隔热效果及应力分布情况。     

Co扩散阻挡层模型的设计

通过对Ｃｏ扩散阻挡层在ＣＶＤ过程中冶金行为的理论分析，建立了计算Ｃｏ扩散阻挡层临界厚度δ临的数学模型。指出：阻挡层厚度δ≥δ临是抑制Ｃｏ对金刚石沉积不良影响的必要条件。