磁强计在航天器上的应用与前景

随着科学的进步,磁强计已被广泛地应用于航天器.本文首先根据磁强计测量原理的不同,对其进行分类.分别介绍各类磁强计的物理测量原理,描述其特性、精度、适用范围.同时概括目前在航天器得到较广泛应用的磁强计.在此基础上,进一步具体分析磁强计作为卫星载荷、姿态测量和控制以及自主导航轨道计算的方法、作用和特点.然后,针对这三个方面应用指出其在航天器上应用存在主要问题和关键技术.最后,对磁强计在航天器上的应用进行总结.同时对其未来的发展进行展望,磁强计在航天器上仍有着良好发展前景.     

大气层内导弹姿态控制方法研究

本文以大气层内导弹为研究对象,对导弹的姿态控制方法进行研究.根据大气层内导弹运动方程组及空气动力方程等得出导弹的姿态控制系统数学模型.由于导弹的姿态控制数学模型是强耦合、非线性的,因而在控制器设计之前,采用小扰动理论进行线性化处理,得到俯仰、偏航、滚转三个通道的传递函数.针对特征点,采用PD控制方法分别设计三通道的控制律,在此基础上,进一步设计了基于增益调度的PD控制规律.仿真结果表明,提出的姿态控制方法可以实现大气层内导弹的姿态控制,满足指标要求.     

一种基于视觉的微型飞行器姿态检测算法

探讨了基于视觉的微型飞行器的飞行状态检测方法，利用机载摄像头获得图像。根据某种准则识别出地平线，进而变换得到飞机的姿态角。文中给出了地平线判别准则及相应的算法和姿态角变换公式。最后，给出了一个实际算例及处理结果。     

战斗机滚转姿态快速性研究

介绍了战斗机中等幅度滚转姿态快速性的定义，应用欧拉法对19种飞机构形的滚转快速性进行了仿真计算．其结果与地面模拟战斗机攻击机动试验相比较，表明滚转姿态快速性与滚转模态时间常数、滚转操纵效能、副翼操纵速率和控制系统增益等飞行品质要求密切相关，飞行品质标准MIL—STD—1797没有完全涵盖中等幅度滚转姿态变化的要求。     

月球立方星姿态控制系统的初步设计与测试

立方星是一种模块化的微小卫星,在科学探测与专业人才培养等方面具有重要意义。针对目前立方星任务逐渐从近地轨道向深空扩展的发展趋势,以立方星月球深空任务为背景,利用商业器件设计并实现了初步的立方星姿态控制系统,以及姿态控制系统所必需的结构、电源、计算机等立方星子系统,同时给出了姿态测试平台的设计方案及其硬件实现。在所搭建硬件平台上,通过测量飞轮控制器的阻尼系数,对控制模型进行参数辨识与标定,获得了与数值仿真一致的实物测试结果。针对姿态控制系统设计了PD控制律,并在控制实验中实现了至任意姿态角的机动控制。     

基于深度增强学习的卫星姿态控制方法

针对卫星在执行丢弃载荷或捕获目标等复杂任务时遭遇的姿态突然发生变化的问题,采用深度增强学习方法对卫星姿态进行控制,使卫星恢复稳定状态。具体来说,首先搭建飞行器的姿态动力学环境,并将连续的控制力矩输出离散化,然后采用Deep Q Network算法进行卫星自主姿态控制训练,以姿态角速度趋于稳定作为奖励获得离散行为的最优智能输出。仿真试验表明,面向空间卫星姿态控制的深度增强学习算法能够在卫星受到突发随机扰动后稳定卫星姿态,并能有效解决传统PD控制器依赖被控对象质量参数的难题。所提出的方法采用自主学习的方式对卫星姿态进行控制,具有很强的智能性和一定的普适性,在未来卫星执行复杂空间任务中的智能控制方面有着很好的应用潜力。     

航天器姿态预设性能控制方法综述

针对存在不确定惯量矩阵及其它未知不确定性(如执行器故障、航天器结构发生突变等)下的航天器姿态控制问题，综述了预设性能控制及其应用的研究进展。首先阐释了预设性能控制方法的基本内涵及其关键步骤；然后分析总结了现有航天器姿态控制以及预设性能控制研究的基本概况与发展趋势；最后面向未来复杂化、智能化的空间任务对航天器控制系统提出的新需求，提出航天器预设性能控制值得研究的问题和方向。     

考虑输入饱和的固定翼无人机自适应增益滑模控制

针对复杂环境下的固定翼无人机飞行控制问题，考虑输入饱和以及复杂外界干扰的影响，提出一种基于自适应滑模控制方法的固定翼无人机飞行控制策略。首先，对固定翼无人机模型进行介绍，将模型分为姿态子系统和速度子系统；其次，针对姿态子系统和速度子系统的特点以及控制需求，分别采用自适应多变量螺旋滑模和自适应快速超螺旋滑模设计姿态控制器和速度控制器，该策略无需设计干扰观测器对外界干扰进行估计，仍然可以实现固定翼无人机对姿态参考指令和速度参考指令的有限时间精确跟踪，并基于Lyapunov的稳定性分析方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后，对本文所提出的控制策略进行了仿真验证，结果表明该控制策略具有良好的控制性能。     

An empirical solar radiation pressure model for satellites moving in the orbit-normal mode

We present a family of empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) models suited for satellites orbiting the Earth in the orbit normal (ON) mode. The proposed ECOM-TB model describes the SRP accelerations in the so-called terminator coordinate system. The choice of the coordinate system and the SRP parametrization is based on theoretical assumptions and on simulation results with a QZS-1-like box-wing model, where the SRP accelerations acting on the solar panels and on the box are assessed separately. The new SRP model takes into account that in ON-mode the incident angle of the solar radiation on the solar panels is not constant like in the yaw-steering (YS) attitude mode. It depends on the elevation angle of the Sun above the satellite’s orbital plane. The resulting SRP vector acts, therefore, not only in the Sun-satellite direction, but has also a component normal to it. Both components are changing as a function of the incident angle. ECOM-TB has been used for precise orbit determination (POD) for QZS-1 and BeiDou2 (BDS2) satellites in medium (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous Earth orbits (IGSO) based on IGS MGEX data from 2014 and 2015. The resulting orbits have been validated with SLR, long-arc orbit fits, orbit misclosures, and by the satellite clock corrections based on the orbits. The validation results confirm that—compared to ECOM2—ECOM-TB significantly (factor 3–4) improves the POD of QZS-1 in ON-mode for orbits with different arc lengths (one, three, and five days). Moderate orbit improvements are achieved for BDS2 MEO satellites—especially if ECOM-TB is supported by pseudo-stochastic pulses (the model is then called ECOM-TBP). For BDS2 IGSOs, ECOM-TB with its 9 SRP parameters appears to be over-parameterized. For use with BDS2 IGSO spacecraft we therefore developed a minimized model version called ECOM-TBMP, which is based on the same axis decomposition as ECOM-TB, but has only 2 SRP parameters and is supported by pseudo-stochastic parameters, as well. This model shows a similar performance as ECOM-TB with short arcs, but an improved performance with (3-day) long-arcs. The new SRP models have been activated in CODE’s IGS MGEX solution in Summer 2018. Like the other ECOM models the ECOM-TB derivatives might be used together with an a priori model.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.