小行星附近制导与控制研究综述

由于小行星具有引力场不规则、物理参数不确定性大、表面逃逸速度小等因素,使得小行星附近制导和控制极具挑战性。回顾了小行星探测任务的历史、现状和意义;针对小行星附近制导与控制研究的基础即小行星附近动力学,分析了研究现状;针对悬停、绕飞、转移、着陆等任务形式,详细介绍了轨道制导和控制方法方面的热点问题和研究现状;基于研究现状,列举了部分未来可进一步研究的方向和问题。     

光纤涡轮流量传感器及检测系统研究

介绍一种利用光学方法检测涡轮转速的光纤涡轮流量传感器及检测系统。它具有信噪比高、量程比大的优点．试验表明，光纤涡轮流量传感器的量程比高达４０：１，比常用的磁电式涡轮流量计大３倍，可满足航空发动机过渡态燃油流量的宽量程测量要求．还详细介绍了光纤涡轮流量传感器的结构和工作原理、温度修正原理，以及检测系统的硬件电路。最后给出传感器标定结果，并讨论了在航空发动机燃油测量中的应用。     

导弹落点密集度的序贯截尾决策

利用后退归纳法讨论了截尾情况下导弹落点密集度的序贯决策方案 ,给出了确定最优停时的一般方法 ,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性     

空间大气成分探测傅立叶变换红外光谱仪

文章阐述了用于空间大气成分探测傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的国外发展状况，主要介绍了几种国外先进的高分辨率空间大气探测用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的结构、应用范围和技术指标，比较了这几种设备的优缺点和技术特点。     

Ka波段交流辐射计及其高塔实验研究

以末敏形式精确探测金属目标的毫米波探测器已经在国内外得到深入研究和应用。从工程实现角度介绍了Ka波段辐射计的系统原理和组成,分析了灵敏度以及与金属目标交会的回波信号,并给出了仿真波形图;重点介绍了高塔实验系统、方法,并对实验数据进行了详细分析,实验结果表明探测器的灵敏度小于1.5k,在10m到150m左右作用距离内(垂直倾斜角小于45°)能准确识别出大于10m2的金属目标中心。     

三体系统中引力拖车的偏置非开普勒轨道研究

为了研究太阳-小行星-引力拖车三体系统中引力拖车的轨道运动问题,采用柱坐标系下的Hill方程描述了三体系统中引力拖车的运动情况,应用平均化方法消除周期项的影响,得到平均偏置非开普勒轨道的表达式,并研究了轨道稳定性与引力拖车最大有效拉力等问题.研究表明:三体系统中,在小行星飞行方向（或反方向）上存在偏置非开普勒轨道;与二...     

A sample collector for robotic sample return missions II: Radiation tests

Sample return from small solar system objects is playing an increasingly important part in solar system exploration. Critical to such missions is a robust, simple, and economic sample collector. We have developed a collector such as this for near-Earth asteroid sample return missions that we have termed the Touch-and-Go Impregnable Pad (TGIP). The collector utilizes a silicone substrate that is pushed into the dust and gravel surface layer of the asteroid. As part of a systematic evaluation of the TGIP, we have investigated the resilience of this substrate to ionizing radiations. Several miniature versions of the collector, containing typically ∼3 g of the collection substrate, were exposed to 0.564 MeV beta particles from a ⁹⁰Sr source and a 6 MeV electron beam in a linear accelerator to simulate the wide range of energies of solar and galactic ionizing radiation. Various radiation levels up to eight times greater than expected on a six-year asteroid mission (in the case of beta radiation) and 50 times greater than expected (in the case of the 6 MeV electron radiation) were administered to the substrate. After irradiation, the efficiency of the substrate in collecting samples of mock regolith was compared with that of collectors that had not been irradiated. No difference beyond experimental uncertainty was observed and we suggest that the operational TGIP will not be affected adversely by radiation doses expected during a typical six-year inner solar system mission.     

RPC-IES: The Ion and Electron Sensor of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The ion and electron sensor (IES) is part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC). The IES consists of two electrostatic plasma analyzers, one each for ions and electrons, which share a common entrance aperture. Each analyzer covers an energy/charge range from 1 eV/e to 22 keV/e with a resolution of 4%. Electrostatic deflection is used at the entrance aperture to achieve a field of view of 90°× 360° (2.8π sr). Angular resolution is 5°× 22.5° for electrons and 5°× 45° for ions with the sector containing the solar wind being further segmented to 5°× 5°. The three-dimensional plasma distributions obtained by IES will be used to investigate the interaction of the solar wind with asteroids Steins and Lutetia and the coma and nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (CG). In addition, photoelectron spectra obtained at these bodies will help determine their composition.     

空中运动目标的识别和跟踪控制

针对空中运动目标的识别和跟踪,提出图像匹配算法和连通域算法相结合的方法。该方法主要用图像匹配算法获得目标的位置信息,当图像匹配算法失效时,则采用连通域算法重新捕获目标、获得图像模板。同时,为提高跟踪的实时性,采用最小二乘线性预测法来预测目标的运动轨迹。在实验室的目标跟踪系统平台上,该方法能够对运动目标进行稳定的识别和跟踪。     

压制干扰下组网雷达目标检测与跟踪技术

针对压制干扰下组网雷达目标检测与跟踪,提出了一种基于压制干扰下雷达量测模型的跟踪技术。该跟踪技术包括压制干扰下量测模型和组网雷达序贯滤波跟踪两部分。压制干扰下量测模型根据雷达采取抗干扰措施前后接收机输入端的信干比分别计算检测概率,进而模拟传感器在压制干扰下对目标的检测情况。组网雷达序贯滤波中,首先对压制干扰下各雷达的量测数据进行串行合并和点迹合成,而后采用基于交互多模型(IMM)的序贯滤波方法对压缩后的数据进行跟踪。该检测与跟踪技术可模拟出雷达在压制干扰下由于检测概率下降造成的目标暂消现象,提高组网雷达跟踪航迹的连续性和稳定性。仿真结果表明了该技术的可行性和有效性。