航天器预测与健康管理技术研究

从研究进展、体系结构和关键技术三方面概述了航天器预测与健康管理(Prognostics and Health Management,PHM)技术。概括了国内外航天器PHM研究进展,总结了PHM通用方法体系和逻辑分层、视情维修等通用性PHM体系结构,在此基础上提出采用星地协同三级闭环的模式构建卫星PHM系统;结合航天器技术特点,分析了航天器PHM各个功能层级的关键技术,并对我国航天器PHM技术的发展提出了建议。     

柔性航天器大角度操纵的直接输出反馈控制

 本文研究了柔性航天器大角度操纵的控制问题,提出了直接输出反馈控制方法。证明了通过输出的线性反馈,用少量的控制器可以达到柔性航天器的渐近稳定调节。同时给出了所需控制器数目及其设置条件,并给出了直接输出反馈控制所对应的最优指标,从而实现了利用少量控制器控制高维非线性系统。     

Impact Cratering Theory and Modeling for the Deep Impact Mission: From Mission Planning to Data Analysis

The cratering event produced by the Deep Impact mission is a unique experimental opportunity, beyond the capability of Earth-based laboratories with regard to the impacting energy, target material, space environment, and extremely low-gravity field. Consequently, impact cratering theory and modeling play an important role in this mission, from initial inception to final data analysis. Experimentally derived impact cratering scaling laws provide us with our best estimates for the crater diameter, depth, and formation time: critical in the mission planning stage for producing the flight plan and instrument specifications. Cratering theory has strongly influenced the impactor design, producing a probe that should produce the largest possible crater on the surface of Tempel 1 under a wide range of scenarios. Numerical hydrocode modeling allows us to estimate the volume and thermodynamic characteristics of the material vaporized in the early stages of the impact. Hydrocode modeling will also aid us in understanding the observed crater excavation process, especially in the area of impacts into porous materials. Finally, experimentally derived ejecta scaling laws and modeling provide us with a means to predict and analyze the observed behavior of the material launched from the comet during crater excavation, and may provide us with a unique means of estimating the magnitude of the comet’s gravity field and by extension the mass and density of comet Tempel 1.     

挠性多体航天器姿态动力学建模与分析

针对带有多个挠性附件以及天线转动机构的卫星等多体航天器．利用伪坐标Lagrange方程建立了系统的姿态动力学模型。通过仿真计算．分析了星体与天线运动的耦合特性．以及挠性附件干扰对卫星姿态的影响．验证了数学模型的正确性。     

载人航天器人-机界面宜人设计方法的研究

根据载人航天器人－机界面宜人设计的必要性，详细论述了人－机界面的发展趋势和未来的研究方向，在此基础上，提出宜人设计的具体措施，最后，形成几点看法以供讨论。     

航天器热平衡试验故障诊断的模型与方法

航天器在热平衡试验中经常会暴露设计制造上的缺陷,因此有必要对它进行实时的故障诊断。同时热平衡试验经验较少,所以采用了一种基于模型的故障诊断方法。应用了一种新的热平衡试验温度预测的数学模型,与试验数据相比较,结果令人满意;在此基础上,模拟了热平衡试验中由于太阳电池翼故障而出现的温度场异常情况,并且和正常情况比较,给出了故障诊断的方法。     

国外载人航天飞行器故障诊断技术的发展现状

综述了国外载人航天飞行器故障发生的特点及其故障诊断技术的发展过程；给出了国外在系统仿真基础上建立的故障诊断技术的研究现状，分析了基于人工智能的国际空间站的故障诊断系统。最后，对其发展进行了展望，并提出了今后有待研究的问题。     

Protecting spacecraft against meteoroid/orbital debris impact damage: an overview

Meteoroids and orbital debris pose a serious damage threat to all spacecraft. The effects of a meteoroid/orbital debris (M/OD) impact depend on a variety of factors, including where the M/OD impact occurs, the size, composition, and speed of the impacting object, and the function of the impacted spacecraft system. These effects can be minimal, can degrade a functional spacecraft component, or can compromise spacecraft functionality, even to the point of mission loss or loss of life. To minimize the damage threat from the meteoroid/orbital debris environment, it is often necessary to install protective shielding around critical spacecraft systems. If a system cannot be shielded, operational constraints may need to be imposed to reduce the damage threat. This paper presents an overview of the research and development activities performed since the late 1950s with an aim of increasing the level of protection afforded satellites and spacecraft operating in the M/OD environment and ultimately mitigating the mechanical and structural effects of an M/OD impact.     

柔性航天器自由飞行状态系统基频的估算方法

首先分别采用部件模态和系统模态建立柔性航天器在轨运行状态下的动力学方程；重点推导了航天器系统模态与其部件模态之间的模态恒等式，得到了由部件模态计算系统模态频率的一般公式；然后结合目前航天器的常见构型，对一般公式进行合理简化，得到了估算航天器系统基频的简化公式；最后给出了简化公式的工程应用算例。     

用单框架控制力矩陀螺的大型航天器姿态控制系统实物仿真研究

利用三轴气浮台模拟航天器空间力学环境，进行了单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)姿态控制／动量管理系统全实物仿真研究。推导了大型航天器姿态控制／动量管理系统数学模型。设计调试了实物仿真系统。研究了单框架控制力矩陀螺奇异回避问题、失效操纵问题和动量管理优化问题。证明了系统构形分析、奇异性分析和操纵律设计的正确性和有效性。通过大型航天器姿态控制／动量管理系统实物仿真，检验了设计方案的可行性和系统硬、软件的可靠性。