有限元分析在航天器产品设计中的应用

 按航天器产品力学环境的试验要求,应用有限元分析软件MSC.NASTRAN系统地对CCD星敏感器进行静态分析、模态分析以及冲击响应、正弦振动、随机振动等动态分析。采用有限元分析方法进行热分析可完善基准镜安装支架的设计。     

Data-driven model-free adaptive attitude control of partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation

This study presents an improved data-driven Model-Free Adaptive Control(MFAC)strategy for attitude stabilization of a partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation. First, a novel dynamic linearization data model for the partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances is established. The generalized disturbances composed of external disturbances and dynamic linearization errors are then reconstructed by a Discrete Extended State Observer(DESO). With the dynamic linearization data model and reconstructed information, a DESO-MFAC strategy for the combined spacecraft is proposed based only on input and output data. Next, the input saturation is overcome by introducing an antiwindup compensator. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller when the dynamic properties of the partially constrained combined spacecraft are completely unknown.     

基于循环追踪控制的卫星编队构形调整控制律设计

卫星编队控制问题中，分布式控制优于主从式控制，在编队控制中应用日益广泛。提出了一种基于循环追踪算法的分布式控制策略，分析了该方法的优势。由于循环追踪算法存在编队中心由初始几何中心固定并与运动过程无关的弱点，引进了虚拟灯塔导引进行联合控制实现编队中心可变。建立了三维空间相对运动数学模型，设计非线性循环追踪算法与虚拟灯塔导引联合控制律，对全员联合控制与单星联合控制其余卫星采用非线性循环追踪控制两种方案的计算结果进行比较。结果表明，全员联合控制律的控制方案优于仅单星采用联合控制的方案，两种方案均可实现卫星编队按指定构形运动。     

多航天器反步滑模SO(3)协同控制

针对多航天器系统的姿态协同控制问题，基于特殊正交群(Special Orthogonal Group, SO(3))提出了滑模协同控制设计方法。结合有向通信拓扑，建立了多航天器SO(3)姿态模型。在此基础上研究了SO(3)上协同误差形式，提出了适用于协同控制器构造的SO(3)指令设计方法。为了解决姿态奇异问题，根据SO(3)姿态特性引入补偿项并设计了相应的滑模面，进一步采用反步法完成了SO(3)协同控制器设计，同时给出稳定性分析过程。提出的反步滑模方法保证了协同控制器在整个姿态空间内的适用性，使得多航天器系统能够实现稳定的姿态协同。文中采用两组多航天器系统仿真校验了所提协同方法的有效性。     

天宫一号目标飞行器氢镍蓄电池内部温度场仿真分析与验证

建立了氢镍蓄电池温度场热仿真模型,模拟氢镍蓄电池放电过程的温度。实测结果表明仿真计算值与实测结果一致性较佳,两者温差最大仅0．7℃,验证了热仿真模型的有效性。用该仿真模型对天宫一号（TG-1）目标飞行器40A·h氢镍蓄电池进行了热设计优化,根据优化结果研制了相应的电池。对电池内部温度的测试结果表明其内部最大温差约5℃,...     

中国首次交会对接任务的技术成就和展望

首次交会对接任务的成功实施,使中国突破和基本掌握了航天器交会对接及其组合体的控制与管理技术,标志着中国载人航天工程二期任务取得重大突破,为空间实验室及后期空间站的建设奠定了坚实基础。文章对国内外交会对接技术进行了对比,对所取得的技术成就进行了综述,指出任务成功具有提升国家威望、产生广泛社会效益、带动基础学科发展、推动航...     

黏弹阻尼技术在航天器上的应用与展望

黏弹阻尼技术作为一种被动振动控制技术,可有效改善航天器的载荷环境.文章对黏弹阻尼技术在航天领域的应用(包括航天器发射段和在轨段)进行了综述,指出了航天黏弹阻尼技术发展的薄弱环节,提出了有针对性的4项建议,涵盖了建模、空间环境试验、优化技术和试验验证方面的内容,并对未来技术的发展作了展望.     

Sensitivity analyses of satellite propulsion components with their thermal modelling

Performing the sensitivity analyses of the contact conduction and the position of thermostat on the basis of the thermal model established, the study of thermal design is accomplished for the preparation of possible mechanical interface change of the satellite propulsion system depending on the satellite system design. A relatively simple thermal model is taken into consideration for the convenience of the analysis. A variety of the spacecraft bus voltages and the contact resistances are examined as well as the position of thermostat on propulsion components. As a consequence, even though the mechanical interface condition is changed on the same module, the successful thermal design could be achieved if we design the heater to have sufficiently large power with reference to the heritage value of contact resistance. Besides the reasonable performance on the thermal control is assured with the thermostat location errors, if the uncertainty in the position of thermostat is not quite large when assembling tank module.     

Cosmic ray modulation in the outer heliosphere: Predictions for cosmic ray intensities up to the heliopause along Voyager 1 and 2 trajectories

Time dependent cosmic ray modulation in the outer heliosphere is calculated and results are compared to Voyager 1 and 2 observations using a two-dimensional time-dependent cosmic ray transport model. We predict possible future 133–242 MeV proton observations along the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft trajectories. Recent theoretical advances in cosmic ray transport parameters are introduced in order to provide a time-dependence for the assumed transport parameters used in the model. This leads to results that are in general compatible with the spacecraft observations in the inner and outer heliosphere over multiple solar cycles. However, for the outer heliosphere, we find that the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft observations cannot be fitted with an identical set of parameters along both trajectories. This indicates a possible asymmetric heliosphere or a symmetric heliosphere but with different diffusion parameters in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. Furthermore, results indicate that Voyager 2 observations are still under the influence of solar cycle related changes because of the large modulation volume between the heliopause and spacecraft location in contrast to Voyager 1 which shows a steady increase in cosmic ray intensities.     

充液航天器目标跟踪自适应控制

对于在零重力环境下受到横向控制力和俯仰控制力矩作用的带球形贮液箱的航天器模型,研究了其在平面运动的动力学特性.将晃动液体等效为单摆模型,利用Lagrange方法建立了系统动力学方程并且将其转化为状态变量方程形式;应用微分几何原理,以单输入—单输出系统（SISO）为例,研究了系统的非线性动力学特性,并进一步针对目标跟踪问题设计了SISO系统基于线性化模型的控制策略.研究结果表明：对于液体晃动-航天器姿态耦合动力学系统采用极点配置间接自校正控制策略能够实现姿态角的镇定及跟踪.