L-可积函数的逼近定理

通常所说的函数逼近,或者是在C—范数拓扑下连续函数的多项式逼近,或者是在L~p—范数拓扑下L~p函数的多项式逼近,或者是在Sobolev范数(‖·‖_(H~(m,p)(Ω)))拓扑下用C~∞(Ω)(或C~∞(Ω))对于Sobolev空间H~(m,p(Ω))的逼近。而对于有界L—可积函数的多项式a·e(即几乎处处)逼近,至今未见有任何文献。本文则借助于实变函数的性质与连续函数多项式逼近的技巧来处理这一工作,而文中的主要结果(即定理1—3)正反映了这一尚未有过的工作。确切地说,本文首先利用L—可测函数的重要定理,把L—可测函数转化为连续函数,使(用多项式)a·e逼近成为可能;而后,再对连续函数将广义Jackson算子逼近的已知结果与相应技巧应用上去,得到一系列刻划逼近程度(即逼近阶)的渐近估计。     

GPS接收机中码相位测量精化方法的研究

精确的码相位测量是保证GPS接收机得到精确伪距值进而进行精确定位的一个重要前提。在已有码相位测量精化方法的基础之上提出了两种新的码相位测量精化的方法,讲述了两种方法的原理与具体实现方法,并利用蒙特卡洛方法进行了仿真实验,得到了码相位结果均值、码相位结果均值方差等一系列实验结果,对几种方法的精化效果从精确性、稳定性和跟踪性能等几个方面进行了比较分析,得出了相应的结论。与三角匹配法和二次曲线插值精化法相比,二阶最小二乘拟合精化法和广义延拓逼近精化法有明显优势;广义延拓逼近精化法的精化精度最高、跟踪精度最高,而二阶最小二乘拟合精化法的稳定性最好。     

地形匹配系统中各项误差的等效噪声分析

本文提出了把航迹、航速和航向误差等效为附加的测量噪声的方法。用两种统计参数估计方法估计了等效测量噪声的均值和标准差。求出了这些数字特征与地形的起伏标准差、粗糙度以及航速、航向误差之间的定量变化关系,为工程设计提供参考和依据。     

热防护系统的硅纤维隔热层复合传热数值计算

鉴于热防护系统的硅纤维隔热层是各向异性的非灰体材料，其复合传热计算是复杂且耗时的，提出了一种简便方法用于硅纤维这类各向异性非灰体材料的复合传热计算。该方法借鉴了医学领域断层摄影法（局部X射线检测法）中对光沿各向异性散射介质传播分析的思路，得到了各向异性扩散的热辐射方程（RTE—D）并把该方程用于求解非灰体半透明介质的辐射热通量。计算结果与文献中基于辐射传递方程（RTE）求得辐射热流的复合传热数值结果相比较，其最大相对误差为1．5％，并且其计算时间也由Pentium Ⅱ的3297．66分钟缩短为PentiumⅣ的约5分钟。最后，该方法被用于真实热环境下刚性隔热瓦L1900（高空隙率硅纤维隔热材料）的复合传热计算，计算结果与实验数据有较高吻合度。数据结果表明，各向异性的扩散近似被用于求解非灰体半透明介质的辐射热通量的方法用在热防护系统的硅纤维隔热层复合传热数值计算中是简便高效的。     

Analysis of the DORIS contributions to ITRF2008

In its function as an ITRS Combination Centre, DGFI is in charge with the computation of an ITRF2008 solution. The computation methodology of DGFI is based on the combination of datum-free normal equations (weekly or session data sets, respectively) of station positions and Earth orientation parameters (EOP) from the geodetic space techniques DORIS, GPS, SLR and VLBI. In this paper we focus on the DORIS part within the ITRF2008 computations. We present results obtained from the analysis of the DORIS time series for station positions, network translation and scale parameters, as well as for the terrestrial pole coordinates. The submissions to ITRF2008 benefit from improved analysis strategies of the seven contributing IDS analysis centres and from a combination of the weekly solutions of station positions and polar motion. The results show an improvement by a factor of two compared to past DORIS data submitted to ITRF2005, which has been evaluated by investigating the repeatabilities of position time series. The DORIS position time series were analysed w.r.t. discontinuities and other non-linear effects such as seasonal variations. About 40 discontinuities have been identified which have been compared with the results of an earlier study. Within the inter-technique combination we focus on the DORIS contribution to the integration of the different space geodetic observations and on a comparison of the geodetic local ties with the space geodetic solutions. Results are given for the 41 co-location sites between DORIS and GPS.     

On the validity of the aluminum equivalent approximation in space radiation shielding applications

The origin of the aluminum equivalent shield approximation in space radiation analysis can be traced back to its roots in the early years of the NASA space programs (Mercury, Gemini and Apollo) wherein the primary radiobiological concern was the intense sources of ionizing radiation causing short term effects which was thought to jeopardize the safety of the crew and hence the mission. Herein, it is shown that the aluminum equivalent shield approximation, although reasonably well suited for that time period and to the application for which it was developed, is of questionable usefulness to the radiobiological concerns of routine space operations of the 21st century which will include long stays onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and perhaps the moon. This is especially true for a risk based protection system, as appears imminent for deep space exploration where the long-term effects of Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) exposure is of primary concern. The present analysis demonstrates that sufficiently large errors in the interior particle environment of a spacecraft result from the use of the aluminum equivalent approximation, and such approximations should be avoided in future astronaut risk estimates. In this study, the aluminum equivalent approximation is evaluated as a means for estimating the particle environment within a spacecraft structure induced by the GCR radiation field. For comparison, the two extremes of the GCR environment, the 1977 solar minimum and the 2001 solar maximum, are considered. These environments are coupled to the Langley Research Center (LaRC) deterministic ionized particle transport code High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN), which propagates the GCR spectra for elements with charges (Z) in the range 1 ? Z ? 28 (H–Ni) and secondary neutrons through selected target materials. The coupling of the GCR extremes to HZETRN allows for the examination of the induced environment within the interior of an idealized spacecraft as approximated by a spherical shell shield, and the effects of the aluminum equivalent approximation for a good polymeric shield material such as generic polyethylene (PE). The shield thickness is represented by a 25 g/cm² spherical shell. Although, one could imagine the progression to greater thickness, the current range will be sufficient to evaluate the qualitative usefulness of the aluminum equivalent approximation. Upon establishing the inaccuracies of the aluminum equivalent approximation through numerical simulations of the GCR radiation field attenuation for PE and aluminum equivalent PE spherical shells, we further present results for a limited set of commercially available, hydrogen rich, multifunctional polymeric constituents to assess the effect of the aluminum equivalent approximation on their radiation attenuation response as compared to the generic PE.     

Solving a plane problem of elasticity theory with the use of a hybrid FEM formulation

In the framework of a plane problem of elasticity theory in strength analysis based on the finite element method in the hybrid formulation, we suggest that the approximation of displacements and stresses be used as magnitudes of vector and tensor fields, respectively. The quadrilateral finite element, the displacements and stresses of which are accepted as nodal unknowns is proposed. The mixed Reissner functional is applied to form a finite element deformation matrix.     

用准稳态方法建立碳氢燃料点火燃烧的简化化学反应动力学模型

基于“准稳态”方法建立了一套碳氢燃料点火燃烧的化学反应动力学模型简化方法和相应的软件SPARCK,并从甲烷点火燃烧的GRI2.11详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含16个组分12步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型,从庚烷点火燃烧的详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含25个组分21步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型。通过其计算结果与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算结果和典型激波管试验结果的对比可以看出,本文简化得到的简化反应动力学模型能较为有效地再现详细基元反应模型的反应机理,简化模型的计算精度与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算精度相当。与详细基元反应动力学模型相比,简化模型有效地减少了反应组分,在工程计算中有比较好的应用前景。     

现代系统科学的发展及其哲学意义

从哲学视角论述了现代系统科学的产生与发展，探讨其与马克思主义辩证只唯物史观的内在联系，并且从博大精深的古老中华文化里探究系统观念之渊源。     

一种用于逐次逼近ADC的低电压高准确度比较器

设计了一种用于逐次逼近结构ADC中的低电压比较器,比较器由前置开关预放器和动态锁存器组成。前置放大器完成对输入信号进行放大,其高增益提高了比较器的准确度,动态锁存器的正反馈提高了比较器的速度。采用了0.6μm CMOS工艺设计,工作于2.5 V单电源电压,通过详细的电路原理分析和软件SMATSPICE的仿真,得到的分析和仿真结果说明该比较器具有速度快、准确度高、功耗小的特点,适用于逐次逼近结构中的低电压模数转换器。