Structural design and model fabrication of cable-rib tensioned deployable parabolic cylindrical antenna

Deployable mechanisms with light weight and high storage ratio have received considerable attention for space applications. To meet the requirements of space missions, a parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna based on cable-rib tension structures is proposed and verified by a physical prototype. The parabolic cylindrical antenna adopts simple parallel four-bar mechanisms to construct the basic deployable unit, and the cylindrical direction dimension can be easily extended by modularization, which has obvious advantages in storage ratio and area density. Considering the complexity of the entire antenna structure design, including cable networks and flexible trusses, the form-finding design optimization model of a parabolic cylindrical antenna is established using the force density sensitivity method, and then the kinematics analysis of the deployable mechanism is carried out. Finally, a single-module prototype with a deployable diameter of 4 m × 2 m was designed and fabricated. The results of the ground deployment process test and surface accuracy measurements show that the antenna has good feasibility and practicability.     

索网结构非线性有限元分析中初始张力状态的快速构造方法

预应力索网结构是以柔性拉索为主要承重构件或辅助承重构件的一种结构体系,用于可展开天线等空间结构。为在有限元数值分析时准确、高效地施加张拉预应力,综合考虑索网的几何非线性、刚度矩阵奇异性、索网与支撑结构存在耦合变形等问题,利用索网式可展开天线的特性,在非线性有限元计算时忽略初位移刚度矩阵,将问题线性化,并详细介绍了以降温法模拟预应力时降温值的计算过程。此方法无需迭代,且得到的降温值在用于索网非线性计算时具有足够的精度;此方法能充分利用通用有限元计算程序,可进一步开展模态和响应等力学计算,便于在工程中实际应用。     

卫星导航有源接收天线噪声温度测量

卫星导航有源接收天线的噪声温度是导航接收系统的关键技术指标之一。针对卫星导航有源天线总体噪声温度无法测量的问题，研制了两台口面型噪声源，口面噪声源主要由辐射体、辐射体物理温度控制和温度测量仪等组成。两个口面噪声源在L和S波段分别提供高低温标准噪声温度，采用Y系数测量方法测量有源接收天线的总体天线噪声温度。测量了某卫星导航有源天线的总噪声温度，在(1.19～1.29) GHz的频率范围内，中心频率1.24 GHz上噪声温度测量结果为206 K，但是在1.266 GHz频率点上噪声温度测量大于4 000 K，说明天线与滤波器之间、滤波器与放大器之间存在设计问题或其它问题，体现出测量有源天线噪声温度的必要性。     

Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

Compact wideband FSS-absorber-based low-RCS reflectarray antenna

This paper presents a method to realize compact broadband low-RCS Reflect Array(RA) antenna based on a Frequency Selective Surface(FSS) absorber and a reflective metasurface.Such an FSS absorber consists of a resistance-loaded lossy layer and an FSS layer, which is utilized to reach an absorption-transmission response. The bottom reflective metasurface works as a phase array, reshaping the quasi-sphere wave from the feeding antenna into the quasi-plane wave. As a demonstration, the low-RCS RA an...     

Influence and experiment of cable-net manufacturing errors on surface accuracy of mesh reflector antennas

Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas. Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process, the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates. This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas, and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy. Firstly, the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted. Secondly, a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors. Thirdly, two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made. Finally, numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy. Moreover, the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process, and thereby improves the deployment reliability.     

基于圆极化漏波阵的罗特曼透镜多波束天线设计

文章提出了一种具有无源波束扫描能力的平面圆极化多波束天线。该天线由基于基片集成波导(substrate integrated waveguide, SIW)的漏波天线阵列和罗特曼透镜馈源网络组成。其中漏波天线作为天线辐射体，通过在SIW传输线上加载90°顺序旋转的非谐振辐射缝隙，实现了圆极化的辐射特性。为了实现低成本的波束扫描能力，使用罗特曼透镜作为天线的馈电网络。该天线设计采用双层结构，通用将漏波天线阵列置于罗特曼透镜上层，实现了天线的小型化。经仿真验证，该天线可在9.5GHz~10.5GHz的工作频带范围内，实现良好的阻抗匹配及±44°的圆极化波束扫描能力，并且每个波束均可在3dB波束宽度内实现小于3dB的轴比。     

馈源杯圆度误差对螺旋天线电性能的影响分析

馈源阵作为星载天线的核心部件，其馈源辐射杯圆度误差显著影响天线的馈电性能，因此，探究馈源单元电性能与圆度误差的关联性极为重要。以某卫星天线馈源阵三维单馈源为例，基于几何绕射理论，将圆度误差引入方向图函数，建立了电磁耦合模型；基于FEKO电磁软件，分析了圆度误差对馈源单体最大增益、波束宽度等主要馈电性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明，频率越大，增益与波束宽度对圆度误差越敏感。当馈源杯直径存在尺寸误差时，圆度误差导致的电性能变化与尺寸误差之间为振荡关系。文章研究工作可为探求天线制造误差与电性能的关联性提供一定的借鉴与指引。     

基于矩形环加载的UHF频段宽带圆极化天线设计

提出了一种同时提高探针馈电单层圆极化微带天线的增益带宽、阻抗带宽及圆极化轴比带宽的方法，解决了传统单馈点单层微带天线阻抗及圆极化轴比带宽较窄的问题。基于环形贴片行波圆极化辐射原理，通过在辐射贴片上方加载一方环形金属贴片，该贴片内外环与辐射贴片边缘等距设计，可调参数少，增加了天线阻抗及轴比宽带，提高了天线增益，同时实现低剖面应用。基于此方法，设计了一款应用于某型号的UHF频段宽带圆极化天线，并加工实物。实测结果表明：该天线电压驻波比（VSWR）＜2的带宽达到17.2 % (370 MHz ~ 440 MHz)，轴比（AR）小于3 dB的带宽达到8.4 % (395 MHz ~ 430 MHz)，天线带宽内主辐射增益约7 dB左右。设计方法对提高单馈圆极化微带天线的轻小型化、宽带技术水平具有重大意义，应用前景广阔。     

车载大型遥测天线新型方舱开盖机构的设计

随着航天遥测任务对机动性和防护性要求越来越高，车载大型遥测天线开始尝试安装在方舱内，运输时可以收藏防护，工作时可以展开，并要求在车辆运动过程中进行工作，实现通信要求。方舱开盖机构是作为消除风沙雨雪等环境负载影响、改善工作条件、提高车载大型遥测天线可靠性的一项重要举措。开盖机构能够自动开启和闭合，满足大型遥测天线工作需求，收藏状态能够对大型遥测天线起到防雨、防尘和防撞击等防护作用。由于大型遥测天线尺寸跨距大，又受铁路、公路运输的限制，导致常用的开盖机构设计空间受限制，并大幅增加了方舱开盖机构防护难度。针对上述问题，介绍了一套车载大型遥测天线新型方舱开盖机构的设计，将舱顶的顶板从左右方向分为两块，左右翻转打开。为了完全不影响天线的工作，方舱左右壁上部的立板也随着顶板一起翻转，顶板和立板翻转后，均与左右舱壁贴合，保证开盖机构打开后，整车宽度尺寸不影响车辆的公路运输性。该开盖机构采取电动推杆和钢丝绳绞盘方式进行自动开盖和闭合，并对机构进行力学分析计算、电动推杆和钢丝绳绞盘选型确认。新型方舱开盖机构既实现了方舱顶盖的自动开启和闭合，又满足了大型遥测天线的车辆运输和运动过程中的通信要求，有效实现防护功能，实际应用效果良好。