Trailing-edge scalloping effect on flat-plate membrane wing performance

This investigation studies the effect of trailing-edge scalloping on the lift and drag force coefficients of flat, membrane wings that vibrate at low Reynolds numbers (<61,000). A series of rigid, flat plate frames with moderate aspect ratio and repeating membrane cell structure were studied and compared to a rigid plate and a rigid scalloped plate. Lift and drag measurements were acquired using an external force-balance; flow fluctuation measurements were captured with a hot-wire. Results showed that the size and aspect ratio of the latex cell had a greater impact on lift than scalloping and that scalloping had a greater effect on drag than the cell aspect ratio. Compared to the solid wings, the membrane wings exhibited higher lift and drag coefficients, likely due to both effective cambering and dynamic interaction with the free shear layer. While trailing-edge scalloping decreased both the lift and drag coefficients relative to no scalloping, the greater effect was on drag, thus, increasing aerodynamic efficiency. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio was attained for a 25% scallop with a repeating cell aspect ratio of one. A unique nondimensional scaling of the membrane vibration peak frequency is also presented.     

基于管制员工作负荷的终端区容量评估

对现有的基于管制员工作负荷的空域容量评估方法进行分析,并比较各自的特点。提出了改进的基于管制员工作负荷的容量评估模型,模型的建立不仅考虑了管制员工作负荷的不同类别,即通信负荷、非通信负荷和思考负荷,还考虑了空域内航路结构的复杂性,即区分空域内不同航路走向上运行的航空器数量。描述了基于新建模型的容量评估方法。以哈尔滨机场终端区为背景,在雷达管制的基础上,使用新建立的模型,采用回归分析方法,计算了终端区容量,验证了所提模型和方法的可行性与适用性。     

用微元法建立单刚体动力学的虚加速度原理和虚力原理

本文首先从刚体动力学方程出发,利用变积法推得其虚加速度原理和虚力原理,然后用微元法思想由质点系动力学的虚加速度原理、虚力原理推得刚体动力学的虚加速度原理与虚力原理,并对两种方法本身进行了比较。由于本文的推导方法是从连续介质力学的观点进行的,故这种方法对进一步建立单柔体、多柔体动力学的虚加速度原理和虚力原理具有重要应用价值,进而对现在热点之一的柔性飞行器动力学的研究有潜在的意义。     

Plants + soil/wetland microbes: Food crop systems that also clean air and water

The limitations that will govern bioregenerative life support applications in space, especially volume and weight, make multi-purpose systems advantageous. This paper outlines two systems which utilize plants and associated microbial communities of root or growth medium to both produce food crops and clean air and water. Underlying these approaches are the large numbers and metabolic diversity of microbes associated with roots and found in either soil or other suitable growth media. Biogeochemical cycles have microbial links and the ability of microbes to metabolize virtually all trace gases, whether of technogenic or biogenic origin, has long been established. Wetland plants and the rootzone microbes of wetland soils/media also been extensively researched for their ability to purify wastewaters of a great number of potential water pollutants, from nutrients like N and P, to heavy metals and a range of complex industrial pollutants. There is a growing body of research on the ability of higher plants to purify air and water. Associated benefits of these approaches is that by utilizing natural ecological processes, the cleansing of air and water can be done with little or no energy inputs. Soil and rootzone microorganisms respond to changing pollutant types by an increase of the types of organisms with the capacity to use these compounds. Thus living systems have an adaptive capacity as long as the starting populations are sufficiently diverse. Tightly sealed environments, from office buildings to spacecraft, can have hundreds or even thousands of potential air pollutants, depending on the materials and equipment enclosed. Human waste products carry a plethora of microbes which are readily used in the process of converting its organic load to forms that can be utilized by green plants. Having endogenous means of responding to changing air and water quality conditions represents safety factors as these systems operate without the need for human intervention. We review this research and the ability of systems using these mechanisms to also produce food or other useful crops. Concerns about possible pathogens in soils and wastewater are discussed along with some methods to prevent contact, disease transmission and to pre-screen and decrease risks. The psychological benefits of having systems utilizing green plants are becoming more widely recognized. Some recent applications extending the benefits of plants and microbes to solve new environmental problems are presented. For space applications, we discuss the use of in situ space resources and ways of making these systems compact and light-weight.     

水面舰艇一体化防空反导作战研究

反舰导弹及其承载平台的高速发展,给水面舰艇对空防御提出了新的挑战,要求其具有快速灵活的反应能力、综合一体的整体作战实力。一体化防空反导,已成为水面舰艇对空防御作战的必然样式。针对对反舰导弹的防御,通过分析水面舰艇对空防御武备特点,提出了一体化防空反导的战术技术手段及作战策略。     

Mg粉/CO2粉末火箭发动机点火试验研究

初步设计了粉末火箭发动机,并以Mg粉作为燃料、CO2作为氧化剂进行了点火试验.研究结果表明,在一定的压强和温度下,利用空气与Mg粉的燃烧放热可成功引燃Mg粉/CO2,且在关闭空气后达到自持燃烧；燃烧室壁面沉积较多,主要以MgO为主,还有一部分未燃烧的Mg；通过该试验验证了Mg粉/CO2粉末火箭发动机方案的可行性.     

燃料电池无人机混合电源动态平衡能量管理策略

飞机电推进的动力系统趋于混合能源形式的发展方向，不同类型的源具有不同的特性，混合能源协调工作的方式可以提高动力系统的性能。本文所研究的飞机电推进系统的能源形式为燃料电池和锂电池所做成的混合能源。针对无人机动力系统工况的特殊性，本文在基于规则的能量管理策略研究基础上，提出了一种基于燃料电池氢气消耗的动态平衡能量管理策略，使燃料电池和辅助电源的能量消耗处于相对平衡的状态，避免了其中一种电源能量先耗尽的情况，可以满足多种工况的变化，提高了混合电源的能量利用率和稳定性，保证了无人机动力系统的可靠性。通过仿真分析结果证明了可行性，最后设计了能量管理系统的硬件并进行了实验验证，通过对实验结果计算分析验证了该能量管理策略的可行性。     

一种地下壳体结构内力和变形的简化计算

对锚喷与金属支架联合支护结构的内力和变形 ,本文根据壳体理论提出了一种简化力学模型 ,建立起它的微分方程并推导出简化计算公式。同时 ,结合工程实例对这种联合支护结构的内力和变形特点进行了分析 ,讨论了它的危险截面位置和强度设计的控制因素 ,为其结构设计提供理论基础     

人工肌肉夹持力的变结构控制

本文推导了一种气动人工肌肉系统的数学模型。探讨了用变结构系统理论实现人工肌肉夹持力控制的方法。给出了仿真和实验结果。人工肌肉既可以输出力(力矩),又可以调节刚性,是一种在柔顺运动控制中很有应用前途的新型作动器。     

非圆截面弹体法向气动力估算方法研究

从位势理论出发 ,引进小扰动细长体理论中的部分思想 ,建立了任意截面弹体法向气动力的理论基础 ,推导出工程估算方法。该方法通过求解仅与截面形状有关系数 ,对已有的圆截面弹体气动力进行修正 ,很方便得到任意非圆截面弹体气动力特性。该方法预测结果与实验数据进行比较 ,具有较好精度